Reading
Module 1
Questions 1-10 of 35
Fill in the missing letters in the paragraph.
The respiratory system is essential for delivering oxygen to thebody's cells and removing carbon dioxide. In hum_ _ _ , air ent _ _ _ through t_ _nose o_ mouth. lnco_ _ _ _ air ge _ _warmed u_ and bec_ _ _ _ moist wh_ _ _ it tra_ _ _ _ in the nasal passages. Dust and other particles are also filtered out. Then the air goes down the trachea and reaches the lungs. Within the lungs, tiny air sacsshaped like balloons facilitate the exchange of gases with thebloodstream.This process is crucial for cellular respiration, whichprovides energy for bodily functions.
Questions 11-20 of 35
Fill in the missing letters in the paragraph.
Archaeological excavations often reveal artifacts such as pottery，tools, and architectural structures, which can suggest cultural practices and societal norms. Advanced methods, including DNA analysis, radiocarbon dating, a_ _ stratigraphy, al_ _ _ archaeologists t_ trace hum_ _ _ migration patt_ _ _ _and cons_ _ _ _ _ chronologies. How_ _ _ _ , interpreting t_ _ findings requ_ _ _ _ careful consid_ _ _ _ _ _ _of context and limitations, as the preseration and availability of artifacts can significanty influence conclusions. Thus.archaeology remains a vital discipline for understanding the complexities of human history and cultural development across millennia.
Questions 21-22 of 35
Read a community announcement
JOIN THE COMMUNITY GARDENING CLUB!
Meet fellow gardening enthusiasts and help beautify our neighborhood.
Activities include:
Planting flowers and trees in local parks
Maintaining garden beds
Sharing tips from your own gardens
Gatherings held every Saturday at 10:00 A.M. at the Community Center.
All ages welcome!
For more information, visit www.gardeningclub.com
Questions 21
What is implied about the Community Gardening Club?
It is exclusive to adults.
It requires a membership fee.
It is a volunteer organization.
It offers professional gardening services.
Questions 22
Where are the gardening club meetings held?
Online
At the Community Center
At members' gardens
At a neighborhood park
Questions 23-25 of 35
Read a course syllabus.
Survey of Literary Theory
This course offers advanced undergraduates an introduction to major schools of literary theory and criticism, providing students with the tools to analyze texts from multiple perspectives and compare the resulting theoretical analyses. Beginning with foundational approaches such as formalism and structuralism, the course explores key movements including Marxist, feminist, psychoanalytic, postcolonial, and reader-response theories. Readings will include works by theorists such as Ferdinand de Saussure, Roland Barthes, and Judith Butler. Students will examine how various frameworks shape interpretation, influence cultural discourse, and challenge traditional notions of meaning and authorship. Through close reading and critical discussion, participants will learn to apply theoretical concepts to diverse literary works, enhancing their ability to engage with texts in nuanced and informed ways. By the end of the course, students will develop a deeper understanding of the role theory plays in literary studies and acquire essential skills for advanced analysis and scholarly writing.
Questions 23
Which of the following best describes how the course approaches literary theory?
It focuses on applying a single theoretical framework to all literary texts.
It introduces multiple schools of thought and encourages comparative analysis.
It emphasizes the historical context of various theories of literary interpretation.
It approaches theory only through abstract concepts without practical application.
Questions 24
Which of the following literary theories is NOT mentioned in the description?
New Historicism
Structuralism
Psychoanalytic theory
Reader-response theory
Questions 25
By the end of the course, students are expected to
master the history of how the study of literature emerged as an academic discipline
write short stories and poems that apply fundamental concepts in literary theory
develop the skills needed for sophisticated literary analysis and academic writing
understand the drawbacks of applying specific theories to different genres
Questions 26-27 of 35
Read an email.
Questions 26
When will Mr. Taylor receive his membership card?
Within two business days
Within three business days
Within five business days
Within seven business days
Questions 27
How can Mr. Taylor learn about gym promotions?
By downloading a mobile app
By visiting a website
By calling a representative
By checking the mail
Questions 28-27 of 35
Read a notice.
Morris Campus Volunteer Club Meeting
October 5 at 8 P.M.
Place: Ortiz Hall Seminar Room
Last year, the Campus Volunteer Club provided volunteer workers to assist eight different community programs, serving children, shelter animals, and health clinics.
Thanks to growing membership, this year we hope to extend the range of our volunteer work and to engage even more students in our projects. The October meeting will be a brainstorming session about how to meet these goals.
Topics for discussion:
Possible areas for new activity
Morris Parks and Recreation—pick up trash
Morris Senior Center—read aloud to residents
Community Food Pantry—help assemble and distribute food baskets
Getting the word out: How can we get more students interested in volunteering in general?
Ideas for our next fundraising drive (to be explored in more detail at the November meeting)
For more information, contact Victor Alvarez, ext. 3299
Questions 28
It is suggested that the Campus Volunteer Club is able to increase its activity because
it has begun receiving new funding from local non-profit organizations
it has entered into a new partnership with a club on a sister campus
it has a new faculty sponsor who is able to officially spend time on club activity
the number of its active volunteers has increased over the past year
Questions 29
Proposed future volunteer activity includes all of the following EXCEPT
cleaning up local green spaces
spending time with elderly people
organizing food baskets for the hungry
assisting with fundraising activities
Questions 30
It can be inferred from the notice that the club meets once every
week
month
two months
semester
Questions 31-35 of 35
The Great Smog of London
The Great Smog of London in 1952 was a pivotal event in environmental history. For five days in December, a thick layer of smog blanketed the city, caused by cold weather, windless conditions, and pollutants. The primary sources were coal-burning fires for heating homes and factories, releasing sulfur dioxide and other toxic chemicals.
As the smog settled, it became a health crisis. Visibility was reduced to a few meters, and transportation was disrupted. Many people abandoned their cars, and the ambulance service was severely impacted. Thousands developed respiratory problems, and the death rate surged. The Great Smog caused up to 12,000 premature deaths and countless illnesses. Hospitals were overwhelmed with patients, and morgues quickly reached capacity.
In response, the British government took action. New regulations aimed at reducing air pollution were established. The most significant was the Clean Air Act of 1956, which restricted coal burning in urban areas and promoted cleaner energy sources.
Despite progress, air pollution remains a global challenge. Many cities still struggle with poor air quality due to industrial activities, vehicle emissions, and other sources. The Great Smog of London serves as a stark reminder of the need to address environmental issues to protect public health.
Questions 31
What can be inferred about the 1952 Great Smog of London?
It affected several other European cities.
It resulted from multiple factors that occurred simultaneously.
It disrupted the normal activities of factories for five days.
It made residents switch to coal to heat their homes.
Questions 32
The word "premature" in the passage is closest in meaning to
early
recorded
preventable
likely
Questions 33
Why was the Great Smog of London considered a pivotal event?
It lasted longer than usual.
It occurred at an unlikely time of the year.
It led to significant environmental regulations.
It caused the immediate closure of all factories.
Questions 34
Why does the author bring up the impact on the ambulance service?
To highlight one of the results of low visibility
To explain the main cause of the surging death rate
To suggest a reason why hospitals were overwhelmed
To indicate that authorities closed London roads for travel
Questions 35
In response, the British government took action. New regulations aimed at reducing air pollution were established. The most significant was the Clean Air Act of 1956, which restricted coal burning in urban areas and promoted cleaner energy sources. ◼︎
Despite progress, air pollution remains a global challenge. ◼︎ Many cities still struggle with poor air quality due to industrial activities, vehicle emissions, and other sources. ◼︎ The Great Smog of London serves as a stark reminder of the need to address environmental issues to protect public health. ◼︎
There are four locations [◼︎] in the passage that indicate where the following sentence could be added.'"
Local authorities created "smoke control areas" where only smokeless fuels could be burned.
Where would the sentence best fit? Select a location [◼︎] to add the sentence to the passage."
Module 2
Questions 1-10 of 15
Our planet's axis is tilted at an angle of about 23.5 degrees as it orbits the Sun. A_ a res_ _ _, the amo_ _ _ of sun_ _ _ _ _ that hi_ _ seasons. When the Sun shines directly on a region, that region tends to have higher temperatures and longer days. The changing seasons afect many aspects of life, including agriculture, wildlife behavior, and human activities.
Questions 11-15 of 15
Linguistic Structural Diversity
Linguistic typology investigates structural features across languages, revealing both universal patterns and language-specific variation. A central area of study is word order—the arrangement of subjects, verbs, and objects. English follows a subject-verb-object (SVO) pattern, while Japanese uses subject-object-verb (SOV). Most languages conform to a limited set of dominant word orders, which may reflect cognitive efficiency: Placing the subject first helps listeners quickly identify the sentence's main actor, aiding comprehension.
Beyond syntax, languages differ in morphological complexity—the degree to which inflection (such as noun or verb endings) marks grammatical relationships. Turkish uses extensive inflection to express subtle distinctions, whereas Mandarin Chinese relies more on word order and context. These contrasts suggest that languages balance morphology and syntax based on communicative needs. Highly inflected languages can afford flexible word order because grammatical roles are marked morphologically. In contrast, languages with minimal inflection often depend on fixed word order to maintain clarity.
This trade-off reflects deeper functional pressures. Languages evolve not randomly but in response to cognitive constraints and social factors, including contact with other languages and cultural shifts. Studying this evolution helps linguists understand not only how languages differ but why certain grammatical strategies emerge and persist across communities.
Questions 11
Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as an aspect of the study of linguistic typology?
It has revealed both diversity and universality among structural linguistic features.
It includes the study of word order as a means of aiding comprehension.
It identifies three basic structural patterns across all languages.
It examines differences in morphological complexity among languages.
Questions 12
Why does the author note that placing the subject first in a sentence aids comprehension?
To provide an example of a structural feature that follows a universal pattern
To suggest that a larger set of available word orders increases cognitive efficiency
To help explain why there is only a small set of dominant word orders across languages
To suggest that languages that follow a different pattern are harder to learn
Questions 13
What is suggested about the morphological complexity of Turkish?
It is greater than the morphological complexity of Mandarin Chinese.
It is balanced by a relatively simple inflection system.
It developed independently of other elements of Turkish.
It requires Turkish to adhere to a relatively rigid word order.
Questions 14
The word "pressures" in the passage is closest in meaning to
difficulties
conflicts
features
influences
Questions 15
Beyond syntax, languages differ in morphological complexity—the degree to which inflection (such as noun or verb endings) marks grammatical relationships. Turkish uses extensive inflection to express subtle distinctions, whereas Mandarin Chinese relies more on word order and context. These contrasts suggest that languages balance morphology and syntax based on communicative needs. Highly inflected languages can afford flexible word order because grammatical roles are marked morphologically. In contrast, languages with minimal inflection often depend on fixed word order to maintain clarity.
◼︎ This trade-off reflects deeper functional pressures. ◼︎ Languages evolve not randomly but in response to cognitive constraints and social factors, including contact with other languages and cultural shifts. ◼︎ Studying this evolution helps linguists understand not only how languages differ but why certain grammatical strategies emerge and persist across communities. ◼︎
There are four locations [◼︎] in the passage that indicate where the following sentence could be added.'"
Such changes can alter the communicative priorities of a speech community, affecting which features are emphasized or simplified over time.
Where would the sentence best fit? Select a location [◼︎] to add the sentence to the passage."
Listening
Module 1
Q1：
At the bus stop.
In ten minutes.
Across the street.
Sure, let's go.
Q2：
The dining hall is open on Sundays.
I've never been inside.
His parties are always festive.
I'll do it first thing after class tomorrow.
Q3：
Yesterday.
No, she searched for the answer online.
Do I need to register for it?
My biology professor.
Q4：
Go around the corner.
In about fifteen minutes.
I was very busy.
I signed my name.
Q5：
We practice all the time there.
Does that store have good sales?
No, a new boat.
I just learned how to make paper airplanes.
Q6：
Traffic along the coast is in perpetual gridlock.
I analyze traffic patterns in the city during rush hour.
Studying trends in fashion design is a complicated process.
I'm planning to study method acting next semester.
Q7：
She registered in advance.
It's scheduled to last two hours.
The main auditorium.
Friday morning.
Q8：
Sure, I have a meeting.
Perfect, we can have breakfast before class.
I need to buy a new phone.
Yes, that's my favorite dish.
Q9：
Across the street from this building.
I'll have a cup with some sugar and cream.
Thanks, but I just ate lunch.
I will be late for class.
Q10：
Contests are competitive.
I need to check the date.
Photography is an art.
It's held at the museum.
Q11：
Check if you're on the list of attendees.
I will be on vacation at that time.
Ask Pete for some help.
Yes, it featured the most talented students at the university.
Q12：
His art class is very popular.
Have you tried calling them to find out?
My sister took ballet there.
Do they offer private lessons?
Q13：
Why has the woman not bought tickets yet?
She no longer wants to visit an attraction.
She has been unable to connect to a website.
She wanted more information about prices.
She was waiting for further instructions from the man.
Q14：
What will the woman most likely do next?
Purchase tickets
Check her calendar
Contact her classmates
Call the sculpture garden
Q15：
Why does the man say, "we only have ten students in my program"?
To express concern
To correct an error
To point out a change
To identify a benefit
Q16：
What is the man considering?
Changing his major
Switching to another university
Finishing his degree early
Taking a class with a small number of students
Q17：
What are the speakers mainly discussing?
Balancing time between a job and classes
A new way of making potato chips
A box design that interests the man
The man's work at a factory
Q18：
What problem does the man describe?
He arrived late to work.
A machine was not working properly.
The potato chips did not taste good.
Some shipping boxes were missing.
Q19：
What most likely is the organizer's goal for a festival?
To raise money for student activities
To provide a showcase for professional musicians
To create an engaging event for the campus community
To provide an outlet for the student cooking club
Q20：
According to the announcement, how can students contribute during a festival?
By bringing percussion instruments and playing them during performances
By adding drawings to a community wall
By volunteering to distribute food and drinks
By posting photos and short films to social media
Q21：
What does the speaker say about a contest?
A winner has been selected.
A deadline has been extended.
A submission format has changed.
A prize has been awarded.
Q22：
What does the speaker remind the listeners of?
A safety policy
A new campus building
An off-campus trip
An event theme
Q23：
Why does the speaker ask students if they have
To warn against breaking certain rules
To announce the opening of additional parking spaces
To encourage the use of alternative forms of transportation
To request transportation to an event
Q24：
Why should students call the student activities o
To ask about parking regulations
To register a student club or organization
To provide comments about a new policy
To reserve an outdoor space for a group event
Q25：
What is the podcast mainly about?
Plants that thrive in the arctic tundra
The role of microbes in worsening climate change
The advanced methodologies used to study permafrost
The comparative analysis of carbon dioxide and methane emissions
Q26：
Why does the speaker mention the carbon content of permafrost?
To illustrate the potential impact of permafrost thaw
To advocate for increased funding for permafrost research initiatives
To emphasize the scale of the permafrost regions
To imply that the atmosphere lacks sufficient carbon to impact climate change
Q27：
What does the speaker imply about the feedback loop of thawing and gas emissions?
It might lead to a decrease in global temperatures.
It could stabilize permafrost regions.
It may affect global warming trends.
It ensures a reduction in microbial diversity.
Q28：
What does the speaker imply about the monitoring of permafrost regions?
It is unnecessary because of our comprehensive understanding of climate change.
It is imperative for creating strategies that address environmental issues.
It is impractical because of the extensive size of these regions.
It is a globally implemented and effective measure.
Q29：
What is the talk mainly about?
The historical transformation of wooden musical instruments
The influence of early electronic instruments on synthesizers
The contemporary use of electrophones in modern music
The relationship between traditional and electronic music forms
Q30：
Why does the speaker mention the theremin?
To emphasize its role in orchestral arrangements
To argue that it is superior modern instruments
To highlight its innovative nature and unique sound
To challenge the acceptance of traditional musical practices
Q31：
What does the speaker imply about the ondes Martenot?
Its design was less complex than the theremin.
It is played with a method similar to violin techniques.
It played an important role in advancing synthesizer technology.
It was more popular than other electrophones.
Q32：
What does the speaker suggest about the long-term impact of electrophones?
Their contribution to music was short lived.
They were important in musical experimentation.
They were too difficult to play for most musicians
They were exclusively utilized in soundtracks to popular movies.
Module 2
Q1：
The astronomy course has a lab and a lecture.
Let's meet in the library to review for the test.
That professor is a real expert in her field.
On a different site.
Q2：
I had to read the book several times.
I've emailed him to ask about it.
Our options are quite limited.
I don't think they're worth mentioning.
Q3：
It was wonderful to get some fresh air outdoors.
The outside vendor request needs approval.
They went with the student outdoor adventure club.
There was a tax hike last year, actually.
4-5听力
Q4：
What opinion does the man express about a new store?
He appreciates the friendly service.
He likes its variety.
He thinks it has a convenient location.
He is impressed by the displays.
Q5：
Why did the man not get anything from the bakery section?
The items available did not look fresh.
The prices were too high.
He was in a hurry.
He does not usually eat baked goods.
6-7听力
Q6：
What does the woman most likely think of the current university website?
It provides a lot of useful information.
It is easy to use.
It is not frequently used by students.
It is not at the quality level it should be.
Q7：
What will the woman most likely do?
Provide some feedback
Contact some other students
Take a test on web design
Learn web design from the man
8-11听力
Q8：
What is the podcast mainly about?
The history of a musical technique
The influence of technology on music composition
How music reflects cultural and societal values
The characteristics of a musical style
Q9：
Why does the speaker talk about Baroque music?
To provide an example of music reflecting societal complexity
To illustrate that music has been widely popular for centuries
To argue that Baroque music is superior to jazz
To suggest that European music lacks cultural depth
Q10：
What does the speaker imply about jazz music?
It emerged solely from Western traditions.
It played a role in the social movements of the twentieth century.
It lacks the complexity found in Baroque music.
It is less relevant to today’s culture than it was in the past.
Q11：
What does the speaker imply about cultures in sub-Saharan Africa?
They place value on being part of a community.
They produce music that shares commonalities with jazz.
They lack diversity in musical forms.
They are constantly changing.
12-15题
Q12：
What is the main focus of the talk?
How parks benefit city residents
Ways to overcome the difficulties of creating urban green spaces
The problems caused by pollution in cities
The history of using green spaces in urban planning
Q13：
Why does the speaker mention parking lots?
To help explain why land is expensive in cities
To encourage parking solutions that save space
To provide an example of an area that can be repurposed
To support reducing the number of cars in cities
Q14：
According to the talk, how are green roofs and vertical gardens similar?
They provide recreational areas for city residents.
They do not need additional land to be built.
They divert rainwater for later use.
They are both inexpensive to create and maintain.
Q15：
What opinion does the speaker express about green space quotas?
They are not effective because they are hard to enforce.
They are necessary to ensure development of green space is not neglected.
They are important because they attract new residents to cities.
They are not practical because they raise the cost of new development.
Writing
Question 1
You are a member of a local gym called Fitness Zone. Recently, you have noticed that some of the exercise equipment is problematic. You want to suggest this to the gym manager, Ms. Taylor.
Write an email to Ms. Taylor. In your email, do the following:
Describe the issues you have noticed with the current equipment.
Provide reasons for why adding new equipment would improve the gym experience.
Explain the consequences on membership of not improving the services.
Write as much as you can and in complete sentences.
Your Response:
To: Ms. Taylor
Subject: Suggestion for updating gym equipment
Question 2
Your professor is teaching a class on environmental science. Write a post responding to the professor's question.
In your response, you should do the following.
Express and support your opinion.
Make a contribution to the discussion in your own words.
An effective response will contain at least 100 words.
Professor Gupta
We've been exploring strategies to address climate change, especially the effects of carbon-based energy sources, which are causing global warming. Some experts emphasize the importance of individual actions, like reducing energy use and minimizing waste. Others argue that systemic change through government policy and corporate accountability is more impactful. Which approach do you believe is most effective in combating climate change, and why? Support your view with reasoning.
Paul
Individual actions are essential because they foster environmental awareness and personal responsibility. When people adopt sustainable habits like conserving energy, reducing plastic use, and supporting green initiatives, they influence cultural norms and consumer demand. These shifts can pressure institutions to adopt eco-friendly policies. Personal choices, multiplied across populations, can drive meaningful environmental change.
Kelly
Policy reform and corporate accountability are more effective for addressing climate change at scale. Governments can enforce emissions limits, invest in renewable energy, and regulate industries. Corporations control vast resources and supply chains, so their sustainability efforts have global impact. While individual actions matter, systemic change is necessary to meet climate goals.
Speaking
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