原文
[1] Plastic and traces of hazardous chemicals have been found in Antarctica, one of the world’s last great wildernesses, according to a new study. Researchers spent three months taking water and snow samples from remote areas of the continent earlier this year. These have now been analyzed and researchers have confirmed the majority contained “persistent hazardous chemicals” or micro-plastics. The findings come amid growing concern about the extent of the plastic pollution crisis which scientists have warned risks “permanent contamination” of the planet. Earlier this week, the UN warned it is one of the world’s biggest environmental threats and said although 60 countries were taking urgent action more needed to be done.
[2] The new report by researchers at Greenpeace is part of global campaign to create the world’s biggest ocean sanctuary in the seas around Antarctica to protect the fragile ecosystem from industrial fishing and climate change. Frida Bengtsson (弗丽达·本特松), of Greenpeace’s Protect the Antarctic campaign, said the findings proved that even the most remote areas of the planet were not immune from the impact of man-made pollution. “We need action at source, to stop these pollutants ending up in the Antarctic in the first place, and we need an Antarctic ocean sanctuary to give space for penguins, whales and the entire ecosystem to recover from the pressures they’re facing,” she said. Seven of the eight sea-surface water samples tested contained microplastics such as microfibres.
[3] Seven of the nine snow samples tested contained detectable concentrations of the persistent hazardous chemicals. Researchers said the chemicals are widely used in many industrial processes and consumer products and have been linked to reproductive and developmental issues in wildlife. They said the snow samples gathered included freshly fallen snow, suggesting the hazardous chemicals had come from contaminated rain or snowfall. Prof. Alex Rogers (亚历克斯·罗杰斯), a specialist in sustainable oceans at the Oxford Martin school (牛津大学马丁学院), said the discovery of plastics and chemicals in Antarctica confirmed that man-made pollutants were now affecting ecosystems in every corner of the world.
[4] And he warned the consequences of this pervasive contamination remained largely unknown. “The big question now is what are the actual consequences of finding this stuff here? Many of these chemicals are pretty nasty and as they move up the food chain they may be having serious consequences for the health of wildlife, and ultimately humans. The effects of micro-plastics on marine life, likewise, are largely not understood,” he said.
[5] There is relatively little data on the extent of micro-plastics in Antarctic waters, and researchers said they hoped this new study would lead to a greater understanding of the global extent of plastic and chemical pollutants. Bengtsson said: “Plastic has now been found in all corners of our oceans, from the Antarctic to the Arctic and at the deepest point of the ocean, the Mariana trench. We need urgent action to reduce the flow of plastic into our seas and we need large-scale marine reserves –– like a huge Antarctic ocean sanctuary which over 1.6m people are calling for –– to protect marine life and our oceans for future generations.”
[6] The samples were gathered during a three-month Greenpeace expedition to the Antarctic from January to March 2018. A decision on the sanctuary proposal, which is being put forward by the EU and supported by environmental campaign groups around the world, will be taken at the forthcoming meeting of the Antarctic Ocean Commission in Tasmania in October.
Part 1翻译笔记
[1] Plastic and traces of hazardous chemicals have been found in Antarctica, one of the world’s last great wildernesses, according to a new study. Researchers spent three months taking water and snow samples from remote areas of the continent earlier this year. These have now been analyzed and researchers have confirmed the majority contained “persistent hazardous chemicals” or micro-plastics. The findings come amid growing concern about the extent of the plastic pollution crisis which scientists have warned risks “permanent contamination” of the planet. Earlier this week, the UN warned it is one of the world’s biggest environmental threats and said although 60 countries were taking urgent action more needed to be done.
[2] The new report by researchers at Greenpeace is part of global campaign to create the world’s biggest ocean sanctuary in the seas around Antarctica to protect the fragile ecosystem from industrial fishing and climate change. Frida Bengtsson (弗丽达·本特松), of Greenpeace’s Protect the Antarctic campaign, said the findings proved that even the most remote areas of the planet were not immune from the impact of man-made pollution. “We need action at source, to stop these pollutants ending up in the Antarctic in the first place, and we need an Antarctic ocean sanctuary to give space for penguins, whales and the entire ecosystem to recover from the pressures they’re facing,” she said. Seven of the eight sea-surface water samples tested contained microplastics such as microfibres.
l翻译解析
[1]
1，Plastic and traces of hazardous chemicals have been found in Antarctica, one of the world’s last great wildernesses, according to a new study.
这句的理解和翻译都不难，但是可能出现的问题却不少，首先one of the world’s last great wildernesses是修饰Antarctica /ænˈtɑːktɪkə/南极洲的，你得说“XX荒原之一南极洲，如何如何”，而不能说成“XX荒原之一，南极洲如何如何”，断句位置不同，表达效果完全不一样。按照第二种说法，后半句是一个独立完整的意思，而前半句只有一个孤零零的名词成分，根本没有表达一个完整信息，中文每个分句都要有完整的动作、含义。除非是本身太长的句子，需要中间断一下。
“XX荒原之一南极洲”这个结构看似也是名词，但其实表达的内涵是“南极洲是XX荒原之一”（所谓的动作，要么是什么，要么干了什么），但如果只有“XX荒原之一”，那是什么东西啊，信息完整了嘛？结果后面一句又跑去说别的信息了。对应到后文的人名，更不能写“弗丽达·本特松，”这种结构，谁平时这么写中文？你得写句子啊。这都不是翻译的问题了，完全是最基础的常识，建议多读读中文，少刷点抖音。
according to很经典的基础结构，注意不要写“据……显示”这种杂糅的病句，只能二选一。这里的one of我觉得需要强调出‘数量’来，不然就变成了‘最后的、仅存的’，全球只有南极这一个地方是great wilderness了，和原文的含义有出入。one of要不要强调出‘之一’，很好判断，你带入原文看看意思是否符合，原文到底是强调精确的‘数量’，还是表示‘泛指’。
world’s last great wildernesses这里的重心是last，‘最后剩下的、仅存的’，而不是great，这里需要把great wildernesses整体当作一个名词看。很多同学的译文是‘地球最大的荒野’，我请问，原文哪个词可以表示‘最大’的含义了？完全是闭着眼睛瞎写啊。正是因为这里有last这个词，one of才必须要说出来‘之一’，如果去掉last，你说‘地球上的一块巨大荒野’完全合理吧，但是加上‘仅存’，就没法说‘仅存的一块荒野’了，有悖one of的含义。
2，Researchers spent three months taking water and snow samples from remote areas of the continent earlier this year.
the continent一个简单的同义替换，中文还是统一说法，不要说什么‘这块大陆’。earlier this year注意一下，是‘今年早些时候’，而不是‘年初’，那是early this year。只不过这里对应的时间刚好是1-3月，的确是年初，算是误打误撞吧。
3，These have now been analyzed and researchers have confirmed the majority contained “persistent hazardous chemicals” or micro-plastics.
persistent hazardous chemicals指“持久性有害化学物质”，也算固定说法吧。micro-plastics指‘微塑料’。
4，The findings come amid growing concern about the extent of the plastic pollution crisis which scientists have warned risks “permanent contamination” of the planet.
come amid这个结构的理解就是字面意思，‘在……期间来了’，即这个研究结果出来的时候，刚好在……期间，这种类似的含义都可以说“正值、恰逢、适逢”，可以记住，不要把句子说得太复杂，而且断句可能会破坏逻辑层次。后面可以加一个‘之际’，也可以不加。
growing concern about the extent of the plastic pollution crisis这里的concern如果说名词结构，建议extent不译（你担心一个问题，自然是指可能会有多严重），不然句子太饶了，名词的叠加就容易翻译腔。你可以说，‘这一发现正值人们对塑料污染危机的担忧日益增加’（其实‘担忧日益增加’，已经体现了extent的含义，好好体会）。如果说动作，extent可以考虑说‘严重性’，虽然有点抽象，总比说个“程度”强，再自然一点可以说‘危害’，如‘这一发现正值人们日益担忧塑料污染危机的危害’。Extent这个词很典型，从来不是一个‘程度’就能概括的，可以多看看字面例句。
the plastic pollution crisis which scientists have warned risks “permanent contamination” of the planet这里的which也要判断一下，指代the plastic pollution crisis，不然前后句的逻辑关系呢？谁给地球带来了“permanent contamination”？还是‘塑料污染’呀。这句话还原一下就是：scientists have warned that（the plastic pollution crisis）risks “permanent contamination” of the planet，注意risk是动词。
5，Earlier this week, the UN warned it is one of the world’s biggest environmental threats and said although 60 countries were taking urgent action more needed to be done.
这里的one of就没必要强调出‘之一’，但你真这么写也不是错误，一般考试参考译文都是这种直译的译文。Biggest可以说‘最大的、最严重的’。原文这里看似是两套并列的动作，其实是连续的内容，警告不也是一种said，一种讲话、表态吗？所以直接逗号隔开，继续往下说事就行了。more needed to be done可以简单直译，如‘还需要采取更多措施’，或者也可以概括为‘任重道远’，这个词也是老朋友了。
[2]
1，The new report by researchers at Greenpeace is part of global campaign to create the world’s biggest ocean sanctuary in the seas around Antarctica to protect the fragile ecosystem from industrial fishing and climate change.
这句开头的the，不知道为啥所有人都视而不见，最基础的问题呀，‘一份报告’不应该是a嘛？英文论述一定是环环相扣的，不可能说完A，又跑去说B的问题，你得时刻注意指代信息和同义替换。而且，这里一个new，开头第一句一个new，不就是同一个东西。重复的词，也是非常关键的提示，而且这个知识点很简单，一样的词你总不至于找不到吧。说到一样的词，你没发现，后面一句也有一个campaign嘛？
所以这个global campaign到底是啥东西？其实就是Greenpeace’s Protect the Antarctic campaign。这也体现了英文论述逻辑的特点，不像中文娓娓道来，ABCD给你按顺序铺垫好，英文可能先出现一个笼统概述，抛出一个新概念，然后再具体说明是个啥。一定要注意上下文的关联。
所以这里完整的逻辑顺序是：Greenpeace组织搞了一个global campaign，类似‘全球倡议’的东西，名字叫Protect the Antarctic，呼吁大家要一起保护南极。具体干啥呢，要create the world’s biggest ocean sanctuary，建立一个最大的海洋保护区。目的是为了，protect the fragile ecosystem from industrial fishing and climate change，保护生态系统。而我们前面说的这个新报告/研究，就属于这项global campaign的内容，是其中的一部分。包括采集样本、进行分析、公布结果、发布声明等，这不都是行动的一部分嘛？
2，Frida Bengtsson (弗丽达·本特松), of Greenpeace’s Protect the Antarctic campaign, said the findings proved that even the most remote areas of the planet were not immune from the impact of man-made pollution.
这里的even不是‘甚至’，而是‘即便、即使’。Immune也不是只有‘免疫’的意思，这个词还可以表示not affected by something that happens or is done‘不受影响’，所以not immune from这里也可以说‘受到了影响’，只不过语气上没有那么强烈。
3，“We need action at source, to stop these pollutants ending up in the Antarctic in the first place, and we need an Antarctic ocean sanctuary to give space for penguins, whales and the entire ecosystem to recover from the pressures they’re facing,” she said.
in the first place不是‘第一、首先’的意思，如果按照字面理解，可以等于to begin with一开始、起初，所以这里是说‘从一开始就阻止污染物进入南极’，其实就是‘从源头上、根本上’杜绝污染的出现，本质和at source是一个意思，有‘加强语气’的效果，翻译上也可以不强调，只说一遍。ending up in the Antarctic的字面含义是‘最终出现在南极’，略微有点别扭，中文说法上可以变通一下，不就是不要‘进入’南极洲么。ending up in the Antarctic相当于是一个‘静态’的结果，中文还是说‘动态’的过程。
4，Seven of the eight sea-surface water samples tested contained microplastics such as microfibres.
最后这里不要把Seven of the eight当作7/8，断句应该是Seven of （the eight sea-surface water samples tested），8份中的7个，一共多少份样本，有微纤维的是几个，原文没说，就是不知道，一定不要把自己的（合理）推理当作翻译，虽然事实大概率是这样。7/8英文可以说seven out of eight。
l参考译文
[1] Plastic and traces of hazardous chemicals have been found in Antarctica, one of the world’s last great wildernesses, according to a new study. Researchers spent three months taking water and snow samples from remote areas of the continent earlier this year. These have now been analyzed and researchers have confirmed the majority contained “persistent hazardous chemicals” or micro-plastics. The findings come amid growing concern about the extent of the plastic pollution crisis which scientists have warned risks “permanent contamination” of the planet. Earlier this week, the UN warned it is one of the world’s biggest environmental threats and said although 60 countries were taking urgent action more needed to be done.
一项新研究显示，在南极洲——地球仅存的几大荒原净土之一，已经发现了塑料和微量有害化学物质。今年早些时候，研究人员耗时三个月，从南极洲偏远地区采集了海水与积雪样本。经分析，研究人员证实大多样本都检出了“持久性有害化学物质”或微塑料。这一发现恰逢塑料污染危机日益引发担忧，此前科学家就警告称，塑料污染可能对地球造成“永久性污染”。本周早些时候，联合国也发出警告，塑料污染是全球环境面临的一大威胁，尽管已有60个国家在采取紧急措施，但仍需加大治理力度/依旧任重道远。
[2] The new report by researchers at Greenpeace is part of global campaign to create the world’s biggest ocean sanctuary in the seas around Antarctica to protect the fragile ecosystem from industrial fishing and climate change. Frida Bengtsson (弗丽达·本特松), of Greenpeace’s Protect the Antarctic campaign, said the findings proved that even the most remote areas of the planet were not immune from the impact of man-made pollution. “We need action at source, to stop these pollutants ending up in the Antarctic in the first place, and we need an Antarctic ocean sanctuary to give space for penguins, whales and the entire ecosystem to recover from the pressures they’re facing,” she said. Seven of the eight sea-surface water samples tested contained microplastics such as microfibres.
绿色和平组织发起了一项“保护南极”的全球行动，计划在南极附近海域建立全球最大的海洋保护区，保护脆弱的生态系统免受工业捕捞和气候变化冲击，而这份由组织研究人员发布的新报告就是行动的一部分/就响应了行动的号召。“保护南极”行动的成员弗丽达·本特松（Frida Bengtsson）表示，研究结果证明，即便是地球上最偏远的角落，也难逃人为污染的影响。她表示：“我们需要从源头上杜绝污染物进入南极，还需要建立南极海洋保护区，为企鹅、鲸鱼以及整个生态系统提供喘息空间，使其从当下的生存压力中恢复。”经检测的8份海表水样中，7份含有微纤维等微塑料。
Part 2翻译笔记
[3] Seven of the nine snow samples tested contained detectable concentrations of the persistent hazardous chemicals. Researchers said the chemicals are widely used in many industrial processes and consumer products and have been linked to reproductive and developmental issues in wildlife. They said the snow samples gathered included freshly fallen snow, suggesting the hazardous chemicals had come from contaminated rain or snowfall. Prof. Alex Rogers (亚历克斯·罗杰斯), a specialist in sustainable oceans at the Oxford Martin school (牛津大学马丁学院), said the discovery of plastics and chemicals in Antarctica confirmed that man-made pollutants were now affecting ecosystems in every corner of the world.
[4] And he warned the consequences of this pervasive contamination remained largely unknown. “The big question now is what are the actual consequences of finding this stuff here? Many of these chemicals are pretty nasty and as they move up the food chain they may be having serious consequences for the health of wildlife, and ultimately humans. The effects of micro-plastics on marine life, likewise, are largely not understood,” he said.
l翻译解析
[3]
1，Seven of the nine snow samples tested contained detectable concentrations of the persistent hazardous chemicals.
这句结构和前面一句一样，一个水样，一个雪样。这里的detectable concentrations算是一个翻译上的小难点，首先concentration是the amount of a substance in a liquid or in another substance‘浓度、含量’的意思，而不是什么‘浓缩、聚集’，如：Additives are expensive but are used in very low concentrations. 添加剂很昂贵，但都以很低的浓度使用。这句翻译完全可以写字面意思‘可检测浓度’，不过微调一下说‘浓度可检测的XX物质’更好。
2，Researchers said the chemicals are widely used in many industrial processes and consumer products and have been linked to reproductive and developmental issues in wildlife.
翻译很忌讳条件反射，看到一个词就写某个中文，其实某些小词的含义很多，不要闭着眼睛写你背的意思，比如这里的developmental，怎么可能是‘发展’呢？动物怎么发展啊？这个词在这里表示‘发育’，和繁殖对应，如：the developmental stages of childhood儿童时期的各个发育阶段。Process也是同理，说‘过程’就略显生硬了些，一般industrial process说‘工业流程、工业生产’，process这个词可以表示a method of making or producing goods‘制作法，工序，工艺流程’，如：the car production process汽车的生产流程。
3，They said the snow samples gathered included freshly fallen snow, suggesting the hazardous chemicals had come from contaminated rain or snowfall.
Suggesting这种前面一个逗号的分词结构，直接说‘说明、表明’，可以不需要‘这’字。Contaminated表示‘受污染的’，如：The infection was traced to contaminated food. 感染被查出是由受到污染的食物所致。
4，Prof. Alex Rogers (亚历克斯·罗杰斯), a specialist in sustainable oceans at the Oxford Martin school (牛津大学马丁学院), said the discovery of plastics and chemicals in Antarctica confirmed that man-made pollutants were now affecting ecosystems in every corner of the world.
这里的头衔并不长，可以一句话说完，或者最多说Alex Rogers是……，他表示XX。Said就是‘表示、称、说’，不是‘认为’。the discovery of plastics and chemicals in Antarctica这里是一个名词结构，可以直接说‘南极XX的发现’，不过我更建议说事件。
[4]
1，And he warned the consequences of this pervasive contamination remained largely unknown.
这里开头的and，也有很多同学说‘并且、同时’，试图找个中文对应，其实都不太通顺，如果非要用个字对应的话，可以说‘还’，他还警告说……，本质就是‘他说了A，还说了B’。这就又回到了中文的‘意合’能力了，你直接说他警告，不就是接前面的said继续说另一方面内容了吗？反而是汉译英时，这种中文句子之间没有明确逻辑词的地方，你需要适当补充一些逻辑词，让英文结构显化、清晰、有层次感。
this pervasive contamination这里是一个指代信息，指什么呢，只能往前找（段落开头的指代一般都是前一段的最后一句），根据‘就近原则’，就是对man-made pollutants were now affecting ecosystems in every corner of the world的同义替换呀，这句话用一个说法概括一下，就是pervasive contamination，所以如果pervasive是不认识的生词，你会怎么写？那不就是影响了每个角落，‘到处都有，无处不在’嘛？
remained largely unknown也算是老朋友了，很常见的结构，不知道为啥很多人写得乱七八糟，首先，largely可以说‘在很大程度上、基本、几乎、多半、主要、大部分’等，不是只有一种说法，哪个说法更顺，要看语境。Unknown就是陈述客观事实，不知道、不清楚，不是什么‘难以知悉’，哪来的‘难’？你可以说‘尚未可知、不为人知’。或者可以‘反译’，基本不知道，那不就是‘知道的很少’，你可以说‘知之甚少、不甚了解’。
2，“The big question now is what are the actual consequences of finding this stuff here?
finding this stuff here这里也是一个同义替换，整篇文章说的啥？不就是在南极发现了污染物，这怎么能不会呢？这是出现的现象/问题，现在讨论的是，问题的后果有多严重，难说。翻译上还是统一说法，不要说抽象的指代。big question不要说‘大问题是……’，你平时这么说话？不就是‘关键’问题，或者‘最大’的问题嘛，这个最字，不一定是最高级，就是一种程度的强调。
3，Many of these chemicals are pretty nasty and as they move up the food chain they may be having serious consequences for the health of wildlife, and ultimately humans.
Nasty/ˈnɑːsti/ 不是‘脏’，而是表示dangerous or serious，还是hazardous的同义替换，形容这些化学物质的‘危害’。as they move up the food chain这里不是假设，很多同学说‘一旦进入食物链’，而是说，当这些有害物质跟随食物链一级一级往上走，影响就逐步放大了。
they move up the food chain这里也不是指化学物质自己‘主动’移动，而是指它们通过“吃与被吃”的关系，从低营养级（如浮游生物、小鱼）进入高营养级（如大鱼、鸟类、海洋哺乳动物，最终到人类）。
许多持久性化学物质难以降解、易溶于脂肪，因此在每个营养级上被摄取后不易排出，导致在捕食者体内浓度越来越高，高营养级生物体内的含量可能比环境中的数值高出数百万倍。
这些化学物质随着食物链的营养级上升，在生物体内逐渐累积并放大浓度的过程，称为 “生物富集”或“生物放大”。这些物质虽然在雪样中只是‘可检测到的浓度’，但当它们进入食物链并向上传递时，对野生动物和人类健康的后果可能更严重。
4，The effects of micro-plastics on marine life, likewise, are largely not understood,” he said.
likewise 表示‘同样、也’。Understood就是know的意思，还是同义替换呀，通过largely重复用词也能看到。
l参考译文
[3] Seven of the nine snow samples tested contained detectable concentrations of the persistent hazardous chemicals. Researchers said the chemicals are widely used in many industrial processes and consumer products and have been linked to reproductive and developmental issues in wildlife. They said the snow samples gathered included freshly fallen snow, suggesting the hazardous chemicals had come from contaminated rain or snowfall. Prof. Alex Rogers (亚历克斯·罗杰斯), a specialist in sustainable oceans at the Oxford Martin school (牛津大学马丁学院), said the discovery of plastics and chemicals in Antarctica confirmed that man-made pollutants were now affecting ecosystems in every corner of the world.
而在9份雪样中，有7份检测到了一定浓度/含有浓度可测的持久性有害化学物质。研究人员称，这些化学物质广泛应用于各种工业生产与消费品中，且与野生动物的繁殖发育异常息息相关/且会影响野生生物的繁殖发育。他们表示，雪样中包含最新降雪，说明有害物质源于受污染的雨雪。牛津大学马丁学院的海洋可持续研究专家亚历克斯·罗杰斯教授表示，在南极发现塑料和化学物质，证实了人为污染已无孔不入，全球每一个角落的生态系统都未能幸免/人为污染已经影响到了全球各个角落的生态系统。
[4] And he warned the consequences of this pervasive contamination remained largely unknown. “The big question now is what are the actual consequences of finding this stuff here? Many of these chemicals are pretty nasty and as they move up the food chain they may be having serious consequences for the health of wildlife, and ultimately humans. The effects of micro-plastics on marine life, likewise, are largely not understood,” he said.
罗杰斯警告说，这种无所不在的污染有何后果，目前基本上仍是未知数。他说：“眼下最关键的问题是，这些物质出现在南极究竟有何影响？其中许多化学物质危害极大，随着它们在食物链中层层上移/不断传递，可能会对野生生物的健康造成严重后果，最终波及人类。同样，微塑料对海洋生物的影响，目前我们也知之甚少。”
Part 3翻译笔记
[5] There is relatively little data on the extent of micro-plastics in Antarctic waters, and researchers said they hoped this new study would lead to a greater understanding of the global extent of plastic and chemical pollutants. Bengtsson said: “Plastic has now been found in all corners of our oceans, from the Antarctic to the Arctic and at the deepest point of the ocean, the Mariana trench. We need urgent action to reduce the flow of plastic into our seas and we need large-scale marine reserves –– like a huge Antarctic ocean sanctuary which over 1.6m people are calling for –– to protect marine life and our oceans for future generations.”
[6] The samples were gathered during a three-month Greenpeace expedition to the Antarctic from January to March 2018. A decision on the sanctuary proposal, which is being put forward by the EU and supported by environmental campaign groups around the world, will be taken at the forthcoming meeting of the Antarctic Ocean Commission in Tasmania in October.
l翻译解析
[5]
1，There is relatively little data on the extent of micro-plastics in Antarctic waters, and researchers said they hoped this new study would lead to a greater understanding of the globalextent of plastic and chemical pollutants.
这里有两个extent，翻译表达需要精确，不是随便写个大概的意思，比如有同学说‘影响’，词义就差太多了。其实这个词的含义很固定，‘程度’或者‘范围’，这个程度，具体可以指问题、伤势等的大小、重要性和严重性，范围指面积范围，有时还可以是长度、数量。在这个语境下，很显然是对应‘严重性’比较合理。结合后文内容Plastic has now been found in all corners of our oceans到处都有塑料，至少应该很容易想到‘污染范围’这个说法，要有联系上下文的能力，而不是死死盯着某个词。这里说‘污染程度’也是完全ok的，这个词反而含义更广一些。这里聊的是塑料造成的污染问题，所以需要适当补充一个‘污染’，你说‘塑料的程度’，也读不通啊。这里还有同学说‘塑料含量’，其实从某种程度上说也还算合理，extent本身就可以指数量，但这里我不建议这么说，范围变小了，这里想要表达的是：我们缺少关于南极水域微塑料‘整体状况’的数据——包括有没有、有多少、分布在哪里、浓度多高等等，而‘含量’只覆盖了其中‘有多少’这一部分。
There is relatively little data on the extent of micro-plastics in Antarctic waters这种类似的句子很常见，就是过去/目前关于某个问题，我们了解的还不多，翻译表达也相对固定，如“有关……的数据相对匮乏”，中间直接说名词的堆叠（南极海域微塑料污染程度），不要再说‘的’字了（南极海域的微塑料的污染程度）。或者也可以断句，如“关于……，数据相对较少”，这里可以强调一下‘目前’，对应时态细节。倒也不是说时态都要强调出来，有时候补充一下是为了句子更顺畅，和后文的衔接更紧凑，你得自己读读译文，自己感受一下。这里是说，目前还没啥数据，所以这个新研究的出现很及时。
2，Bengtsson said: “Plastic has now been found in all corners of our oceans, from the Antarctic to the Arctic and at the deepest point of the ocean, the Mariana trench.
这里稍微强调一下中文表达本身，如果按照英文顺序来说，最后就是‘从……到……’，这样结尾会感觉话没说完，你要有一个结论性的话，这里可以补充一句。当然也可以不补充，直接把Plastic has now been found in all corners of our oceans放句末就行了，先说从……到……。或者也可以把前半句拆开：all corners of our oceans，从……到……，Plastic has now been found。写出来的译文就是：海洋的各个角落，从……到……，都发现了塑料。
3，We need urgent action to reduce the flow of plastic into our seas and we need large-scale marine reserves –– like a huge Antarctic ocean sanctuary which over 1.6m people are calling for –– to protect marine life and our oceans for future generations.”
这里的语法结构其实非常简单，不知道为啥很多同学都出现了逻辑错误，两边破折号不就是单独理解的插入信息嘛，like表示举例，不是类比，什么样的large-scale marine reserves，比如a huge Antarctic ocean sanctuary这样的，就很有必要。破折号前后连起来是句子主干，所以是we need large-scale marine reserves to protect……，这有啥难的，怎么能把主干成分和插入信息混为一谈的？不要按照你看到的字面顺序理解英文，尤其是出现插入语时，不是a huge Antarctic ocean sanctuary to protect。
[6]
1，The samples were gathered during a three-month Greenpeace expedition to the Antarctic from January to March 2018.
这里开头的the还是特指呀，怎么又忘了，这里开始对全文进行总结了，前面说的‘这些样本’，是什么时间、在哪采集的，还是‘人+时间+地点+事件’的顺序，这是大方向，但是很多细节可以调整，比如时间信息可以单独拿出来放句子开头，比如这里‘在南极进行考察期间’，可以直接说‘南极考察期间’，因为这里并不强调事件，而是强调时间段，有during。from January to March 2018和three-month的信息是重叠的，最简单的方式就是不写three-month，不过考试并不喜欢这种处理，建议加上，一般说‘为期三个月的XX’。
2，A decision on the sanctuary proposal, which is being put forward by the EU and supported by environmental campaign groups around the world, will be taken at the forthcoming meeting of the Antarctic Ocean Commission in Tasmania in October.
这句并没多大难度，无非就是多了一层修饰嘛，这种两层结构怎么处理？分别说事呀，按照事情发生的顺序说，先如何，后如何，如果内容比较多，各自是完整逻辑，就说两个独立的句子。不要按照原文结构说名词、被动，这种意识很重要，反复强调中文要多说‘动作’。很多同学的译文是：一个被欧盟提出并由……支持的提议的决定将会在……。这就属于不开窍的，建议远离翻译，珍爱生命。
这句首先要在语法上判断准确，which修饰proposal，主干是A decision will be taken。这里不就是EU先提出一个proposal，得到了environmental campaign groups的支持，10月将召开会议，在会议上作出decision，决定是否通过这项提议。注意这里which修饰的是proposal，不是决定，决定哪需要‘提出来’？decision不搭配put forward，而且根据‘就近原则’也能判断。另外，如果已经存在决定了，已经有了决定，那will be taken又是个啥？这个词组的意思就是作决定，那说明decision暂时还没有啊。不管从哪个角度看，都不可能这么理解，是一个很基础的判断。
l参考译文
[5] There is relatively little data on the extent of micro-plastics in Antarctic waters, and researchers said they hoped this new study would lead to a greater understanding of the global extent of plastic and chemical pollutants. Bengtsson said: “Plastic has now been found in all corners of our oceans, from the Antarctic to the Arctic and at the deepest point of the ocean, the Mariana trench. We need urgent action to reduce the flow of plastic into our seas and we need large-scale marine reserves –– like a huge Antarctic ocean sanctuary which over 1.6m people are calling for –– to protect marine life and our oceans for future generations.”
目前，有关南极海域微塑料污染程度/范围的数据仍相对匮乏，研究人员表示，他们希望这项新研究有助于人们更全面地了解全球塑料和化学污染的严重程度。本特松表示：“如今，塑料已遍布海洋的各个角落，从南极到北极，再到海洋最深处马里亚纳海沟，无一幸免。我们需要立即行动，减少流入海洋的塑料，还要建立大规模海洋保护区（如160多万人呼吁建立的南极大型海洋保护区），守护海洋生物和我们的海洋，造福子孙后代。”
[6] The samples were gathered during a three-month Greenpeace expedition to the Antarctic from January to March 2018. A decision on the sanctuary proposal, which is being put forward by the EU and supported by environmental campaign groups around the world, will be taken at the forthcoming meeting of the Antarctic Ocean Commission in Tasmania in October.
这些样本是2018年1月至3月，绿色和平组织在为期三个月的南极考察期间收集的。欧盟提出了建立南极保护区的提案，并获得了世界各地环保组织的支持。南极海洋委员会将于今年10月在塔斯马尼亚召开会议，届时将对提案作出决定。
双语全文
[1] Plastic and traces of hazardous chemicals have been found in Antarctica, one of the world’s last great wildernesses, according to a new study. Researchers spent three months taking water and snow samples from remote areas of the continent earlier this year. These have now been analyzed and researchers have confirmed the majority contained “persistent hazardous chemicals” or micro-plastics. The findings come amid growing concern about the extent of the plastic pollution crisis which scientists have warned risks “permanent contamination” of the planet. Earlier this week, the UN warned it is one of the world’s biggest environmental threats and said although 60 countries were taking urgent action more needed to be done.
一项新研究显示，在南极洲——地球仅存的几大荒原净土之一，已经发现了塑料和微量有害化学物质。今年早些时候，研究人员耗时三个月，从南极洲偏远地区采集了海水与积雪样本。经分析，研究人员证实大多样本都检出了“持久性有害化学物质”或微塑料。这一发现恰逢塑料污染危机日益引发担忧，此前科学家就警告称，塑料污染可能对地球造成“永久性污染”。本周早些时候，联合国也发出警告，塑料污染是全球环境面临的一大威胁，尽管已有60个国家在采取紧急措施，但仍需加大治理力度/依旧任重道远。
[2] The new report by researchers at Greenpeace is part of global campaign to create the world’s biggest ocean sanctuary in the seas around Antarctica to protect the fragile ecosystem from industrial fishing and climate change. Frida Bengtsson (弗丽达·本特松), of Greenpeace’s Protect the Antarctic campaign, said the findings proved that even the most remote areas of the planet were not immune from the impact of man-made pollution. “We need action at source, to stop these pollutants ending up in the Antarctic in the first place, and we need an Antarctic ocean sanctuary to give space for penguins, whales and the entire ecosystem to recover from the pressures they’re facing,” she said. Seven of the eight sea-surface water samples tested contained microplastics such as microfibres.
绿色和平组织发起了一项“保护南极”的全球行动，计划在南极附近海域建立全球最大的海洋保护区，保护脆弱的生态系统免受工业捕捞和气候变化冲击，而这份由组织研究人员发布的新报告就是行动的一部分/就响应了行动的号召。“保护南极”行动的成员弗丽达·本特松（Frida Bengtsson）表示，研究结果证明，即便是地球上最偏远的角落，也难逃人为污染的影响。她表示：“我们需要从源头上杜绝污染物进入南极，还需要建立南极海洋保护区，为企鹅、鲸鱼以及整个生态系统提供喘息空间，使其从当下的生存压力中恢复。”经检测的8份海表水样中，7份含有微纤维等微塑料。
[3] Seven of the nine snow samples tested contained detectable concentrations of the persistent hazardous chemicals. Researchers said the chemicals are widely used in many industrial processes and consumer products and have been linked to reproductive and developmental issues in wildlife. They said the snow samples gathered included freshly fallen snow, suggesting the hazardous chemicals had come from contaminated rain or snowfall. Prof. Alex Rogers (亚历克斯·罗杰斯), a specialist in sustainable oceans at the Oxford Martin school (牛津大学马丁学院), said the discovery of plastics and chemicals in Antarctica confirmed that man-made pollutants were now affecting ecosystems in every corner of the world.
而在9份雪样中，有7份检测到了一定浓度/含有浓度可测的持久性有害化学物质。研究人员称，这些化学物质广泛应用于各种工业生产与消费品中，且与野生动物的繁殖发育异常息息相关/且会影响野生生物的繁殖发育。他们表示，雪样中包含最新降雪，说明有害物质源于受污染的雨雪。牛津大学马丁学院的海洋可持续研究专家亚历克斯·罗杰斯教授表示，在南极发现塑料和化学物质，证实了人为污染已无孔不入，全球每一个角落的生态系统都未能幸免/人为污染已经影响到了全球各个角落的生态系统。
[4] And he warned the consequences of this pervasive contamination remained largely unknown. “The big question now is what are the actual consequences of finding this stuff here? Many of these chemicals are pretty nasty and as they move up the food chain they may be having serious consequences for the health of wildlife, and ultimately humans. The effects of micro-plastics on marine life, likewise, are largely not understood,” he said.
罗杰斯警告说，这种无所不在的污染有何后果，目前基本上仍是未知数。他说：“眼下最关键的问题是，这些物质出现在南极究竟有何影响？其中许多化学物质危害极大，当它们在食物链中层层上移/不断传递，可能会对野生生物的健康造成严重后果，最终波及人类。同样，微塑料对海洋生物的影响，目前我们也知之甚少。”
[5] There is relatively little data on the extent of micro-plastics in Antarctic waters, and researchers said they hoped this new study would lead to a greater understanding of the global extent of plastic and chemical pollutants. Bengtsson said: “Plastic has now been found in all corners of our oceans, from the Antarctic to the Arctic and at the deepest point of the ocean, the Mariana trench. We need urgent action to reduce the flow of plastic into our seas and we need large-scale marine reserves –– like a huge Antarctic ocean sanctuary which over 1.6m people are calling for –– to protect marine life and our oceans for future generations.”
目前，有关南极海域微塑料污染程度/范围的数据仍相对匮乏，研究人员表示，他们希望这项新研究有助于人们更全面地了解全球塑料和化学污染的严重程度。本特松表示：“如今，塑料已遍布海洋的各个角落，从南极到北极，再到海洋最深处马里亚纳海沟，无一幸免。我们需要立即行动，减少流入海洋的塑料，还要建立大规模海洋保护区（如160多万人呼吁建立的南极大型海洋保护区），守护海洋生物和我们的海洋，造福子孙后代。”
[6] The samples were gathered during a three-month Greenpeace expedition to the Antarctic from January to March 2018. A decision on the sanctuary proposal, which is being put forward by the EU and supported by environmental campaign groups around the world, will be taken at the forthcoming meeting of the Antarctic Ocean Commission in Tasmania in October.
这些样本是2018年1月至3月，绿色和平组织在为期三个月的南极考察期间收集的。欧盟提出了建立南极保护区的提案，并获得了世界各地环保组织的支持。南极海洋委员会将于今年10月在塔斯马尼亚召开会议，届时将对提案作出决定。
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