这周给初二的孩子讲解了伴随状语，这也是初中语法中比较重要的一个点。今天我们总结一下伴随状语的用法，希望能帮到大家。
一、基本概念
伴随状语：描述主句动作发生的同时，同步进行的另一个动作。
- 现在分词 doing：表主动，动作由主句主语发出
- 过去分词 done：表被动，主语承受该动作
- 短语与主句之间必须用逗号分隔，可放在句首或句末
二、核心三大规则
1. 逻辑主语一致
分词动作的发出/承受者，必须和主句主语为同一人/事物。
2. 语态判断
中考英语|非谓语动词 用法总结
3. 谓语区分
doing / done 都属于非谓语动词，不能单独作句子谓语，一个简单句只有一套主谓结构。
三、句式位置 + 经典例句
（一）现在分词 doing（主动）
1. 短语置于句首
结构：Doing..., 主语 + 谓语 + 其他
1. Covering the dog with a coat, he carried it home.
他用外套裹住小狗，把它抱回了家。
2. Singing songs, they walked along the street.
他们一边唱歌，一边沿街行走。
2. 短语置于句末
结构：主语 + 谓语 + 其他 , doing...
1. The dog has become part of their family, bringing joy every day.
这只狗狗成了家中一员，每日带来欢乐。
2. He sat there, reading a book.
他坐在那里看书。
（二）过去分词 done（被动）
1. 短语置于句首（初中最常考位置）
1. Seen from the top of the hill, the park looks beautiful.
从山顶望去，这座公园景色很美。
解析：公园是“被观看”，被动关系，用 seen。
2. Surrounded by many students, the teacher walked out of the classroom.
被一群学生围着，老师走出了教室。
解析：老师是“被包围”，被动关系，用 surrounded。
四、句式转换（写作加分技巧）
伴随状语 ⇔ and 连接并列谓语（句意完全一致）
1. He walked along the street. He sang songs.
并列句：He walked along the street and sang songs.
伴随状语：Singing songs, he walked along the street.
2. He covered the dog with a coat. He carried it home.
并列句：He covered the dog with a coat and carried it home.
伴随状语：Covering the dog with a coat, he carried it home.
五、重点区分：doing / done / to do
1. doing：伴随、结果 → 两个动作同步发生（必考）
2. done：伴随（被动）→ 主语被动承受动作
3. to do：只表目的（为了……），不能作伴随状语
例句对比
- He went out to buy some food.（to do 表目的：出门为了买食物）
- He went out, carrying a bag.（doing 表伴随：出门时手里拿着包）
六、高频易错点
易错点1：误用动词原形作状语
❌ He carried it home, cover the dog.
✅ He carried it home, covering the dog.
解析：简单句不能同时出现两个谓语动词。
易错点2：逻辑主语不一致（病句）
❌ Watching TV, the door rang.
解析：“看电视”的是人，不是 the door，主语不一致，语法错误。
易错点3：混淆伴随状语与目的状语
牢记：同步动作用 doing，表目的用 to do。
课堂练习题
第一部分：基础小练习（当堂口答）
用所给单词正确形式填空
1. She stood there, ______ (cry).
2. ______ (talk) happily, they went into the classroom.
3. The little girl ran to me, ______ (wave) her hands.
4. ______ (encourage) by his friends, he worked harder.（被动）
答案
1. crying 2. Talking 3. waving 4. Encouraged
第二部分：进阶单选（当堂检测）
1. The girl went into the classroom, ______ a smile on her face.
A. have B. has C. having
2. ______ along the river, we saw many beautiful flowers.
A. Walk B. Walking C. Walked
3. He hurried to school, ______ breakfast.
A. not having B. not have C. didn't have
4. ______ by the teacher, the boy felt very happy.
A. Praising B. Praised C. Praise
答案
1. C 2. B 3. A 4. B
第三部分：句型转换（写作专项）
将两个简单句合并为含伴随状语的句子
1. He smiled. He said hello to me.
参考答案
Smiling, he said hello to me. / He smiled, saying hello to me.
好了，今天就分享到这儿了，你学会了吗？
