真题精读|高考英语阅读 C/D 篇精讲第 4期

高考英语阅读理解里，C、D 篇一直是拉开分差的压轴难点。题材偏科普、社科、文化议论文，长难句密集、生词多、逻辑绕，很多同学能看懂字面，却读不懂深层逻辑，做题频频失分。

为帮大家系统突破这个薄弱板块，本（公众号特意推出高考英语 C/D 阅读真题系列训练。全程精选历年各省市高考真题作为训练素材，每一篇都配齐英文原文 + 全文英汉对照，逐句拆解高频长难句、核心句型结构，最后梳理归纳文中必考重点单词、短语与固定搭配。

不用再零散刷题、盲目死记，跟着系列逐篇精读，吃透真题句式、积累高频词汇、摸清命题逻辑，循序渐进攻克阅读压轴篇，稳稳拿下英语阅读高分！适合高一拔高、高二夯实、高三冲刺全程使用。

原文全文     D篇

If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.

Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many cases we simply can’t. The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook’s voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain’s record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield (盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports.

In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider the contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects.

逐句精讲

第一段

1. If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not.

• 核心词汇：
• privilege /ˈprɪvəlɪdʒ/v. 优待；偏袒；此处指 “侧重、偏向”
• humanity /hjuːˈmænəti/n. 人类；人类文明
• text /tekst/n. 文字记录；文本
• 句子结构：If 引导条件状语从句，主句主干为 you cannot do it through texts alone；because 引导原因状语从句，从句中 while 表示对比；a history that does not privilege one part of humanity 是同位语，修饰前面的 the history of the whole world。
• 译文：如果你想讲述一部不偏袒任何一方的世界历史，你就不能只依靠文字记录，因为世界上只有部分地区曾有过文字，而大部分地区在大部分时间里都没有文字。

2. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.

• 核心词汇：
• literate /ˈlɪtərət/adj. 有文字的；识字的
• concerns /kənˈsɜːnz/n. 关注的事物；重要事件
• things /θɪŋz/n. 物品；实物（此处指文物、器物）
• 句子结构：并列句，由 and 连接；not only…but (also)… 表示 “不仅…… 而且……”。
• 译文：文字是人类较晚才取得的成就，直到不久前，即使是许多有文字的社会，也不仅用文字，还用实物记录他们的重要事件。

第二段

1. Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many cases we simply can’t.

2. 核心词汇：
• ideally /aɪˈdɪəli/adv. 理想情况下
• bring together 结合；整合
• 句子结构：并列句，由 and 和 but 连接，表转折关系。
• 译文：理想情况下，一部历史会将文字与实物结合起来，这本书的部分章节也做到了这一点，但在很多情况下，我们根本做不到。

3. The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook’s voyage and the Australian Aboriginals.

• 核心词汇：
• conflict /ˈkɒnflɪkt/n. 冲突；对抗
• Botany Bay 植物学湾（澳大利亚地名）
• Captain Cook 库克船长（英国航海家）
• voyage /ˈvɔɪɪdʒ/n. 航行；航海
• Australian Aboriginals 澳大利亚原住民
• 句子结构：主干为 The clearest example is perhaps the first conflict；between… 为后置定语修饰 example 和 conflict。
• 译文：文字文明与无文字文明之间最清晰的例子，或许就是在植物学湾，库克船长的船队与澳大利亚原住民之间的第一次冲突。

4. From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain’s record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield (盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot.

• 核心词汇：
• scientific report 科学报告
• in flight 逃跑中
• gunshot /ˈɡʌnʃɒt/n. 枪击；枪声
• 句子结构：两句均为主谓结构；第二句中 dropped by a man… 为过去分词短语作后置定语修饰 shield。
• 译文：从英国人的角度，我们有科学报告和船长对那个可怕日子的记录；而从澳大利亚原住民的角度，我们只有一面木盾 —— 是一个人在第一次遭遇枪击后逃跑时掉落的。

5. If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports.

• 核心词汇：
• reconstruct /ˌriːkənˈstrʌkt/v. 重建；还原
• interpret /ɪnˈtɜːprɪt/v. 解读；阐释
• 句子结构：If 引导条件状语从句，主句为被动语态；what 引导宾语从句作 reconstruct 的宾语。
• 译文：如果我们想还原那天真实发生的事情，这面盾就必须像文字报告一样，被深入、严谨地质疑和解读。

第三段

In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write.

• 核心词汇：
• miscomprehension /ˌmɪskɒmprɪˈhenʃn/n. 误解；误读
• accidentally /ˌæksɪˈdentəli/adv. 意外地；无意地
• deliberately /dɪˈlɪbərətli/adv. 故意地；蓄意地
• twist /twɪst/v. 歪曲；扭曲
• victor /ˈvɪktə(r)/n. 胜利者；获胜方
• 句子结构：In addition to… 作状语；主句为 there be 句型；when 引导时间状语从句。
• 译文：除了双方都可能产生误解的问题，胜利的结果还会被无意或有意地歪曲，尤其是当只有胜利者掌握文字书写能力时。
• Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories.
• 核心词汇：
• losing side 失败方；战败方
• 句子结构：who 引导定语从句修饰 Those；主干为 Those have only their things to tell their stories。
• 译文：那些失败的一方，往往只能通过他们留下的物品来讲述自己的故事。
• The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice.
• 核心词汇：
• Caribbean Taino 加勒比泰诺人
• Benin /beˈniːn/n. 贝宁（非洲古国）
• Incas /ˈɪŋkəz/n. 印加人（南美洲古文明）
• achievements /əˈtʃiːvmənts/n. 成就；功绩
• give back a voice 发出声音；表达观点
• 句子结构：all of whom… 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的四个民族；主干为 The Caribbean Taino… can speak to us… through the objects they made；冒号后的句子是对前文的解释说明。
• 译文：加勒比泰诺人、澳大利亚原住民、贝宁的非洲人和印加人 —— 这些在书中出现的民族 —— 如今都能通过他们制作的物品，向我们有力地讲述他们过去的成就：一部通过物品讲述的历史，让他们重新发出了声音。
• When we consider the contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue.
• 核心词汇：
• first-hand account 第一手记录；亲历者叙述
• dialogue /ˈdaɪəlɒɡ/n. 对话；此处指双方的交流 / 历史叙事
• 句子结构：When 引导时间状语从句；主句主干为 all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted；only one half of a dialogue 是同位语，补充说明。
• 译文：当我们审视这类有文字社会与无文字社会之间的接触时，我们所有的第一手记录都必然是被扭曲的，只相当于一段对话的一半。
• If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects.
• 句子结构：If 引导条件状语从句；主句为 not just…but… 结构。
• 译文：如果我们想找到这段对话的另一半，就不能只阅读文字，还要解读这些物品。

题目解析

32. What is the first paragraph mainly about?

A. How past events should be presented.B. What humanity is concerned about.C. Whether facts speak louder than words.D. Why written language is reliable.

答案：A

• 解析：
1. 段落主旨：第一段指出，要讲述一部不偏袒任何一方的世界历史，不能只依靠文字，因为文字并非所有文明都有，且很多社会也用物品记录事件。核心是讨论历史应该如何呈现。
2. 选项匹配：A 选项 How past events should be presented（过去的事件应该如何呈现）与段落主旨一致。
3. 排除其他选项：B “人类关心的是什么”、C “事实是否胜于雄辩”、D “为什么书面语是可靠的” 均不是第一段的核心内容。

33. What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in paragraph 2?

A. His report was scientific.B. He represented the local people.C. He ruled over Botany Bay.D. His record was one-sided.

答案：D

• 解析：
1. 定位原文：第二段提到库克船长的例子，指出我们只有英国人的科学报告和船长记录，而原住民这边只有一面木盾，说明我们掌握的信息是不完整的、单方面的。
2. 核心信息：作者用这个例子说明，文字记录往往来自胜利者 / 有文字的一方，而另一方的声音缺失，因此记录是片面的。
3. 选项匹配：D 选项 His record was one-sided（他的记录是片面的）符合作者的意图。
4. 排除其他选项：A “他的报告是科学的” 只是原文提到的事实，不是作者要表达的核心意图；B “他代表当地人”、C “他统治植物学湾” 均与原文不符。

34. What does the underlined word “conversation” in paragraph 3 refer to?

A. Problem.B. History.C. Voice.D. Society.

答案：B

• 解析：
1. 定位原文：all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects.
2. 语境理解：前文提到 “first-hand accounts（第一手记录）只相当于对话的一半”，而这里的 “对话” 实际上指的是双方共同构成的完整历史叙事，即 history。
3. 选项匹配：B 选项 History 是 conversation 在语境中的指代含义。
4. 排除其他选项：A “问题”、C “声音”、D “社会” 均不符合上下文逻辑。

35. Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from?

A. How Maps Tell Stories of the WorldB. A Short History of AustraliaC. A History of the World in 100 ObjectsD. How Art Works Tell Stories

答案：C

• 解析：
1. 全文主旨：文章核心观点是，要讲述完整的世界历史，不能只依靠文字，还要通过物品（objects）来解读无文字文明的历史。
2. 选项匹配：C 选项 A History of the World in 100 Objects（《大英博物馆世界简史》，核心就是通过 100 件物品讲述世界历史）与文章主题高度契合。
3. 排除其他选项：A “地图如何讲述世界故事”、B “澳大利亚简史”、D “艺术品如何讲述故事” 均不符合文章的核心主题。

语法填空挖空训练版（可直接打印）

DIf you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later1 (achieve), and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.

Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many cases we simply can’t. The 2 (clear)example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook’s voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain’s record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield (盾)3 (drop) by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day, the shield must4 (question) and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports.

In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately5 (twist), especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things6 (tell) their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider the contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are7 (necessary) twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects.

参考答案

1. 1.achievements
2. 2.clearest
3. 3.dropped
4. 4.be questioned
5. 5.twisted
6. 6.to tell
7. 7.necessarily