advice:不可数名词(不能加s,一条建议:a piece of advice)suggestion:可数名词(可加s)problem:需要解决的难题question:需要回答的疑问
7.形近易混副词
too:也、太(肯定句句末)either:也(否定句句末)also:也(句中)
二、时态精讲
(一)一般时态
一般时态核心:陈述事实、常态、习惯、客观真理
1.一般现在时
[核心用法]经常性动作、客观真理、目前状态[公式]主语+do/does(动词原形/三单)[经典例句]I get up at 6:30 every morning.(我每天早上6点半起床)The earth goes around the sun.(地球绕着太阳转)
2.一般过去时
[核心用法]过去某个时间发生的动作,已结束[公式]主语+did(动词过去式)[经典例句]I visited my grandparents yesterday.(我昨天看望了爷爷奶奶)He finished his homework last night.(他昨晚写完了作业)
3.一般将来时
[核心用法]将来要发生的动作、计划[公式]will do / am/is/are going to do[经典例句]I will study harder next term.(我下学期会更努力学习)She is going to take a trip this weekend.(她这周末打算去旅行)
4.一般过去将来时
[核心用法]站在过去看将来(多用于宾语从句)[公式]would do / was/were going to do[经典例句]He said he would help me with my English.(他说他会帮我学英语)
(二)进行时态
进行时态核心:某一时间点/段,动作正在进行
5.现在进行时
[核心用法]现在此刻正在做、现阶段持续做[公式]am/is/are + doing[经典例句]Look! The birds are flying in the sky.(看!鸟儿正在天上飞)I am reading a book these days.(我这几天一直在看书)
6.过去进行时
[核心用法]过去某个时间正在进行的动作[公式]was/were + doing[经典例句]I was watching TV at 8:00 last night.(昨晚八点我正在看电视)
7.将来进行时
[核心用法]将来某时段持续进行的动作[公式]will be + doing[经典例句]I will be studying English at 9 tomorrow morning.(明天上午九点我会在学英语)
8.过去将来进行时
[核心用法]站在过去,描述将来持续的动作(初高中延伸考点)[公式]would be + doing[经典例句]He said he would be working all day.(他说他一整天都会在工作)
(三)完成时态
完成时态核心:动作已完成,侧重对现在/过去的影响
9.现在完成时
[核心用法]过去动作完成,影响持续到现在[关键词]already、yet、since、for[公式]have/has + done[经典例句]I have finished my homework.(我已经写完作业了)She has lived here for 10 years.(她在这里住了十年)
10.过去完成时
[核心用法]过去的过去,两个过去动作,先发生的用过去完成时[公式]had + done[经典例句]I had finished homework before my mom came back.(妈妈回来前,我就写完作业了)
11.将来完成时
[核心用法]将来某个时间前,动作已经完成[公式]will have + done[经典例句]I will have finished this book by Friday.(周五前我就能看完这本书)
12.过去将来完成时
[核心用法]站在过去,预判将来会完成的动作[公式]would have + done[经典例句]She said she would have finished the work soon.(她说她很快就能完成工作)
(四)完成进行时态
完成进行时态核心:动作持续进行,未中断、带延续性
13.现在完成进行时
[核心用法]从过去持续到现在,一直在做,可能继续做[公式]have/has been + doing[经典例句]I have been waiting for you for an hour.(我已经等你一个小时了)
14.过去完成进行时
[核心用法]过去某段时间持续做某事,直至过去某个时间[公式]had been + doing[经典例句]He had been working hard before he succeeded.(成功之前,他一直努力奋斗)
15.将来完成进行时
[核心用法]将来某时间前,一直持续的动作[公式]will have been + doing[经典例句]By next month, I will have been learning piano for 5 years.(到下个月,我就学了五年钢琴了)
16.过去将来完成进行时
[核心用法]站在过去,预判将来持续进行的动作[公式]would have been + doing[经典例句]He knew he would have been working here for 20 years.(他知道届时他将在这里工作二十年)
三、高频短语用法
(一)“look”家族
1.look after 照顾;照料(= take care of)[用法]后接人/物,不及物,不能直接接宾语[例句]You should look after your little sister when your parents are out.(父母不在时,你要照顾妹妹)[易错点]无被动语态,不用be looked after(错误)2.look forward to 期待;盼望(书面表达万能短语)[用法]to是介词!后接名词/代词/doing(必考点)[例句]I’m looking forward to visiting the Great Wall.(我期待游览长城)3.look for 寻找(强调动作,≠ find 找到,强调结果)[例句]I’m looking for my lost keys.(我在找丢失的钥匙)4.look up 查阅;抬头看[用法]接“单词/资料”表查阅;代词放中间(look it up)[例句]Please look up the new word in the dictionary.(请在字典里查生词)5.look out 小心;当心(祈使句高频,= be careful)[例句]Look out! There’s a car coming.(小心!有车来了)
(二)“put”家族
1.put on 穿上;上演;增重(3大核心含义,全考)[例句]Put on your coat, it’s cold outside.(穿上外套,外面冷);The play will put on next week.(这部剧下周上演)2.put up 张贴;搭建;举起[例句]They put up a new notice on the wall.(他们在墙上贴了新通知);We put up a tent in the forest.(我们在森林里搭帐篷)3.put off 推迟;拖延(后接doing)[例句]We had to put off the meeting because of the rain.(因为下雨,我们推迟了会议)4.put away 收好;整理[例句]Put away your toys after playing.(玩完后把玩具收好)
(三)“take”家族
1.take off 脱下;起飞(2大含义,语境判断)[例句]Take off your shoes before entering the room.(进屋前脱鞋);The plane will take off in an hour.(飞机一小时后起飞)2.take part in 参加(活动,= join in)[例句]All students must take part in the sports meeting.(所有学生必须参加运动会)3.take care of 照顾;处理(= look after)[例句]She takes care of her grandma every day.(她每天照顾奶奶)4.take place 发生;举行(无被动语态)[例句]The school trip will take place next Friday.(学校旅行下周五举行)
(四)“get”家族
1.get used to 习惯于(to是介词,后接doing)[例句]He gets used to getting up early.(他习惯早起)2.get on well with 与……相处融洽[例句]She gets on well with her classmates.(她和同学相处融洽)3.get ready for 为……做准备[例句]We are getting ready for the exam.(我们在为考试做准备)
(五)“be + 形容词 + 介词”
1.be good at 擅长(后接doing)[例句]She is good at playing the piano.(她擅长弹钢琴)2.be interested in 对……感兴趣(后接doing)[例句]I’m interested in science fiction movies.(我对科幻电影感兴趣)3.be afraid of 害怕(后接doing)[例句]He is afraid of speaking in public.(他害怕在公共场合发言)4.be busy doing 忙于做某事[例句]My mother is busy cooking dinner.(妈妈忙着做晚饭)
(六)完形/单选高频固定搭配
at once 立刻;马上in time 及时;on time 准时(辨析必考点)at least 至少;at most 最多by accident 偶然;by mistake 错误地in public 公开地;in fact 事实上come true 实现;come up with 想出(主意)give up 放弃(后接doing)pay attention to 注意(to是介词,后接doing)