本文约 1700 字，阅读时间 5 分钟（含原题全文）
本次推送另一片是原文溯源，供扩展阅读
2026 北京西城区初三一模英语阅读 C 篇，讲的是"骰子杯说谎实验 + 眼睛海报偷车实验"两个真实心理学研究。这是一道"科普议论文"类型的阅读理解。
01 · 原题全文
（关键词已用双色高亮——黄色 = 论点信号词，橙色 = 直接对应题目的金句锚点）
From a young age, we are taught not to lie. But do people sometimes lie when it is to their advantage? If they do lie, how often do they do so? What kind of lies do people usually tell? These are the questions that interest researchers.
To study lying behavior without influencing the behavior of a liar, researchers have developed some creative experiments. One is the die-under-the-cup experiment. Each participant (参与者) sits alone in a closed room. In front of the participant is a cup with a small hole and a die. Each participant is asked to cover the die with the cup, shake the die, peek through the hole, and report the number on the die. They are told that the higher the number they report, the more they get paid, which means if they report 2, they will receive $2, and 6 for $6. In this experiment, it is worthwhile for them to report a high number to receive more money. They know only they can see the true result.
When people roll a die, the chance of rolling any number from 1 to 6 is the same—exactly 1/6 (about 16.67%). So, if a large number of participants roll a die and report the number they really see, then about 1/6 would report 1, 1/6 would report 2, and the like. However, if participants lie and report higher numbers to get more money, the percentage of participants reporting 1 or 2 would be lower than 1/6.
Here is what the researchers found. Participants were more likely to report more high numbers (4, 5, 6) and fewer low numbers. However, instead of always reporting the highest number, participants usually reported slightly (稍微) higher numbers than what they rolled.
Why do people lie only a little? Some studies note it is important for people to think of themselves as honest people, so they balance the longing to benefit from the lie with the longing to keep a positive self-image (自我形象). Also, the longing to keep a positive social image is another reason. The fear of being seen as a liar often reduces the possibility to lie.
How is it possible to use these findings to reduce dishonesty? In a study in the UK, aimed at stopping people from stealing bicycles, researchers placed signs near the bicycle parking area with a photograph of eyes and the words "we are watching you." After that, fewer bicycles were stolen in those areas. The image and words increased people's social image concerns (担忧). That means the findings are useful in reducing dishonesty to some degree. Future experiments should test how these findings might help people be more honest in different real-life situations.
27. Which of the following can best show the result of the die-under-the-cup experiment?（看 4 个柱状图选项——所有诚实情况下应该 6 个数都 ≈ 16.67%。撒小谎情况下 → 1/2/3 偏低、4/5/6 偏高，但 6 不是最高的。）B. （4/5 偏高、6 不是最高的图）
28. What can we learn from the passage?A. The chance of rolling each number on a die shows how often people lie.B. Participants could choose to be honest because they want to get paid more.C. People lie only a little because they value a positive self-image over a social image.D. The UK study proves the longing for a positive social image reduces dishonesty.
（黄色 = 议论文逻辑信号词；橙色 = 直接对应题目的金句锚点）
怎么快速做对这篇文章
科普议论文的核心是"实验逻辑 → 数据规律 → 解释机制"三步链。这道题的 2 个小题分别考"图表理解"和"细节辨析"——都不能凭感觉答，必须对原文逐句锁定。
策略 ① · 图表题用两条原文线索锁定
27 题图表题有两条关键原文线索：线索 1："more high numbers (4, 5, 6) and fewer low numbers" → 1/2/3 三个数偏低、4/5/6 偏高。线索 2："instead of always reporting the highest number, participants usually reported slightly higher numbers than what they rolled" → 6 不是最高峰，4 或 5 才是。同时满足两条 = B 选项。
策略 ② · 细节辨析用排除法
28 题考"can we learn"。4 个选项一个一个对原文。A 错——骰子规律不能反映撒谎频率，是反过来用规律推断撒谎。B 错——参与者撒小谎，没"选择诚实"。C 错——原文说 "It is important for people to think of themselves as honest people" 和 "Also, the longing to keep a positive social image is another reason"——self-image 和 social image 都重要，没说前者"重于"后者。D 正确——UK study 直接对应眼睛海报实验，"reduces dishonesty" 是原文金句。
策略 ③ · 避开"原文有的词" 干扰项陷阱
28 题 C 选项最容易选错——因为 self-image 和 social image 都是原文出现的词。但 "value A over B" 是选项里偷偷加上去的。关键词陷阱：选项里出现原文词不等于答案，要看完整意思。原文说 "Also, the longing to keep a positive social image is another reason"——是"也是"，不是"次于"。
三个核心观点（英文）
① The die-under-the-cup experiment measures lying without watching individuals.
原文锚点：第 2-3 段。对应 27 题——实验背景。
② People lie only a little because they want to keep a positive self-image and social image.
原文锚点：第 5 段。解释"为什么撒小谎不撒大谎"。
③ "Watching eyes" signs reduce dishonesty by increasing social image concerns.
原文锚点：末段。对应 28 题——UK study + social image = 答案 D。
做对全文的 4 个关键点
① "more high numbers, fewer low numbers" · 27 题图形线索 1
第 4 段第 1 句给出图表的主要趋势——高数字（4/5/6）偏多、低数字（1/2/3）偏少。看到这句话就该排除柱子等高的选项 A（那是所有人都诚实的情况）。
② "instead of always reporting the highest" · 27 题图形线索 2
第 4 段第 2 句给出关键反转——不是所有人都报 6。看到 instead of 这个信号词就该锁定 B——6 不是最高的那个柱子，4 或 5 才是。这是 27 题唯一的解题关键。
③ "balance A with B" · 自我形象 + 社会形象都重要
第 5 段 "balance the longing to benefit with the longing to keep a positive self-image. Also, the longing to keep a positive social image is another reason"——两个 image 都是原因，没有谁更重要。28 题 C 错就错在偷偷加了 over（重于）。
④ "increased social image concerns" · 28 题答案锚点
末段倒数第 2 句 "The image and words increased people's social image concerns. That means the findings are useful in reducing dishonesty to some degree."——UK 眼睛海报实验直接证明"social image 让人更诚实"。28 题答案 D 就是这句话的同义改写。看到 "the UK study proves" 类的选项，找证据锚点 = 这句话。
