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高考完形填空 近七年高频最全必背清单(真题反复考,直接背,考场直接用)
一、完形必考逻辑关系词(每年必考,送分核心)
转折关系
however 然而
but 但是
yet 然而
nevertheless 尽管如此
instead 反而
instead of 代替
rather than 而不是
otherwise 否则
conversely 相反地
whereas 然而(对比两件事)
nonetheless 尽管如此
因果关系
therefore 因此
thus因此
as a result 结果
consequently 所以
because 因为
since 既然
due to 由于
thanks to 多亏,由于
owing to 由于
on account of 因为
递进关系
besides 此外
moreover 而且
furthermore 再者
in addition 另外
what’s more 而且
let alone更不用说(用于递进)
plus 另外,而且(口语化但真题出现过)
让步关系
although/though 虽然
even if 即使
while 尽管
despite / in spite of 尽管
as 虽然(用于倒装句,如“Young as he is…”)
并列/顺序关系
meanwhile 与此同时
simultaneously 同时
firstly… secondly… 首先…其次…
eventually 最终
subsequently 随后
previously 之前
条件关系(完形常考)
if 如果
unless 除非
provided that 如果(正式)
as long as 只要
举例关系
for example / for instance 例如
such as 例如(后接名词)
like比如
总结性
in conclusion 总之
in a word 总之
to sum up 总结
overall 总体而言
二、完形高频动词短语(真题重复率最高)
go 系列
go through 经历;浏览
go on 继续
go out 外出;熄灭
go over 复习;仔细检查
go up 上升;上涨
go down 下降;下沉
give 系列
give up 放弃
give in 屈服,让步
give away 泄露;赠送
give out 分发;耗尽
give off 散发(气味、光)
take 系列
take place 发生
take part in 参加
take care 小心
take care of 照顾
take up 占据;开始从事
take over 接管
take on 承担;雇佣
take off 起飞;脱下
take a risk 冒险
make 系列
make up 编造;组成;弥补
make up for 弥补
make out 辨认出;理解
make sense 有道理
make progress 取得进步
turn 系列
turn on 打开
turn off 关闭
turn up 出现;调高
turn down 拒绝;调低
turn out 结果是;证明是
turn to 求助于;转向
put 系列
put up 张贴;搭建;容忍
put off 推迟
put away 收好;储存
put forward 提出
put down 放下;写下
break 系列(高频)
break down 出故障;分解;崩溃
break out 爆发
break into 闯入;破门而入
break up 破碎;分手;结束
bring 系列
bring about 引起;导致
bring up 抚养;提出(话题)
bring in 引入;赚得
bring out 出版;使显现;说出
call 系列
call sb. ... 称......
call off 取消
call for 要求;需要
call on 号召;拜访
call up 打电话;征召
come 系列
come across 偶然遇到;给人…印象
come up with 想出(主意)
come out 出版;结果是
come true 实现
get 系列
get along with 与…相处
get rid of 摆脱
get through 通过;完成;接通电话
get over 克服(困难/情绪)
hold 系列
hold on 坚持;别挂断
hold up 举起;耽搁
hold back 抑制(情绪);忍住
keep 系列
keep up with 跟上
keep on 继续
keep from 阻止;隐瞒
look 系列
look after 照顾
look forward to 期待
look up 查阅;抬头看
look into 调查
look out 小心
pick 系列
pick up 捡起;接人;学会;好转
pick out 挑选出
pull 系列
pull down 拆毁
pull out 拔出;驶出
pull over 靠边停车
run 系列
run out of 用尽
run into 偶然遇见;撞上
run after 追赶
set 系列
set up 建立;设立
set off 出发;引爆
set out 出发;开始
set aside 留出;搁置
stand 系列
stand for 代表;支持
stand out 突出;显眼
stand up 站起来
work 系列
work out 解决;锻炼;奏效
work on 从事;努力改善
三、完形高频介词固定搭配(必考易错)
形容词 + 介词
be good at 擅长
be interested in 对…感兴趣
be responsible for 对…负责
be famous for 因…出名
be strict with 对某人严格
be strict about/on 对某事严格
be satisfied with 对…满意
be worried about 担心
be proud of 以…自豪
be aware of 意识到
be afraid of 害怕
be ready for 为…准备
be suitable for 适合
be concerned about 担心
be curious about 对…好奇
be familiar with 熟悉
be patient with 对…耐心
be angry with/at 对…生气
动词 + 介词(完形核心)
depend on / rely on 依靠
insist on 坚持
persist in 坚持(多指行动)
object to 反对
belong to 属于
deal with / cope with 处理
result in 导致(结果)
lead to 导致
consist of 由…组成
apply for 申请
care for 关心;喜欢
long for 渴望
wait for 等待
ask for 请求
apologize for 道歉
prepare for 准备
provide sb with sth / provide sth for sb 提供
associate with 与…联系
compare with 与…比较
compare to 比作
connect with 连接
charge sb with sth 指控
prefer to 更喜欢
contribute to 贡献;导致
attend to 照料;处理
respond to 回应
refer to 指的是;参考
devote to 奉献于
limit to 限制在
add to 增加
名词 + 介词
reason for …的原因
cause of …的起因
solution to …的解决办法
key to …的关键
answer to …的答案
approach to …的方法
access to …的途径/使用权
attitude to/towards 对…的态度
influence on / impact on / effect on 对…的影响
difference between …之间的差异
connection between …之间的联系
relationship with 与…的关系
四、完形高频近义词辨析(最爱挖坑)
1. afford / offer / provide / supply
afford 负担得起(钱/时间) afford sth / afford to do sth
I can‘t afford a new car. / He can’t afford to lose this game.
offer 主动提供(愿意给)offer sb sth / offer to do sth
She offered me a cup of tea. / He offered to help.
provide 提供(必要的东西,较正式) provide sb with sth / provide sth for sb
The school provides students with free books.
supply 供应(大量、持续地提供)supply sb with sth / supply sth to sb
The factory supplies parts to car makers.
2. accept / receive
receive 客观收到(不一定接受) 强调“接到”这个动作
I received his gift, but I didn’t accept it.
accept 主观接受(同意/认可) 强调“心里同意/收下”
She accepted his apology. / He accepted the job offer.
完形秒选技巧:
只描述“收到信件/电话/礼物”这个事实 → receive
表达“接受邀请/道歉/建议/礼物” → accept
经典完形考法:He ______ the invitation but didn’t ______ it.(填 received / accept)
3. affect / effect
affect 动词 (v.) 影响 直接加宾语
The bad weather affected our plan.
effect 名词 (n.) 影响、效果 常与have/take搭配
The medicine had a good effect on him.
注意:effect 也可作动词(“使发生”,极罕见,高考不考)
完形秒选技巧:
空格前有 have / take / the / an → 选 effect(名词位置)
空格前是主语,后跟宾语 → 选 affect(动词位置)
4. cost / spend / take / pay(“花费”大集合)
cost 主语是物/事 sth costs (sb) + 金钱/时间
The book cost me $20. / It costs 10 minutes.
spend 主语是人 sb spends 时间/金钱 on sth / (in) doing
I spent $20 on the book. / She spent 2 hours finishing it.
take 主语是事 / it 作形式主语It takes sb + 时间 + to do sth / Doing sth takes sb + 时间
It took me 2 hours to finish the work.
pay 主语是人 sb pays + 金钱 + for sth
I paid $20 for the book.
完形秒选技巧:
主语是人,后面接“钱/时间 + on/doing” → spend
主语是人,后面接“钱 + for” →pay
主语是物/事,表示“价值/花费” → cost
主语是 It 或 事情,表示“花费时间” → take
5. refuse / decline / reject
refuse 拒绝(直接、不客气) 后可跟名词/to do
He refused to open the door. / She refused my gift.
decline 委婉谢绝(礼貌) 后跟名词/to do,常用于邀请、提议
She declined the invitation politely.
reject 断然拒绝、驳回 后跟名词(不跟 to do),更强烈
The committee rejected his application. / He rejected all criticism.
完形秒选技巧:
拒绝“帮助/邀请”且态度礼貌 →decline
拒绝“开门/做某事”态度强硬 →refuse + to do
拒绝“申请/提案/建议”官方驳回 → reject
6. ignore / neglect
ignore 故意忽视、不理睬 主观上不想理会
He ignored my call. / She ignored the rude comment.
neglect 疏忽、疏于照顾(无意的) 常因粗心或忙于其他事
He neglected his homework. / The mother neglected her child.
完形秒选技巧:
意思是“装作没看见/没听见”,故意不理 → ignore
意思是“忘了做、没注意、没照顾好”,无心之失 → neglect
完形常见语境:
The boy felt sad because his friends ______ him. → ignored(故意不理)
The old man ______ to lock the door. → neglected(疏忽忘了)
7. raise / rise
raise 及物动词,举起;提高(raise your hand / salary)
rise 不及物动词,上升(The sun rises.)
8. lie / lay
lie (lay, lain) 躺;位于
lay (laid, laid) 放置;下蛋
lie (lied, lied) 说谎
9. say / tell / speak / talk
say + 内容
tell + 某人 (tell sb sth)
speak + 语言/to sb
talk 交谈
10. chance / opportunity
chance 可能性;偶然机会
opportunity 良机(通常指做某事的有利时机)
11. claim / announce / declare
claim 声称(未必真实)
announce 宣布(公开)
declare 正式宣告
12. cause / reason / factor
cause 原因(导致结果)
reason 理由(解释为什么)
factor 因素(影响结果的要素)
13. be worth / worthy / worthwhile
be worth + 名词/doing
be worthy of + 名词/being done
be worthwhile to do/doing
14. another / other / others
another 另一个(任意)
other 其他的(后常跟名词复数)
others 其他的人/物(代词)
15. borrow / lend
borrow from 借入
lend to 借出
16. bring / take / fetch
bring 带来
take 带走
fetch 去取回
17. watch / see / look
watch 专注观看
see 看见(结果)
look 看(动作,加at)
18. hear / listen
hear 听见(结果)
listen 听(动作,加to)
五、完形情感态度高频词(记叙文必用)
积极情绪
delighted 高兴的
cheerful 开朗的
grateful 感激的
satisfied 满足的
proud 骄傲的
relieved 释然的
optimistic 乐观的
confident 自信的
thrilled 极为激动的
content 满足的
hopeful 充满希望的
消极情绪
upset 心烦的
disappointed 失望的
annoyed 恼怒的
depressed 沮丧的
worried 担忧的
nervous 紧张的
regretful 遗憾的
ashamed 羞愧的
frustrated 受挫的
embarrassed 尴尬的
anxious 焦虑的(可兼有)
desperate 绝望的
人物品质
modest 谦虚的
generous 大方的
determined 坚定的
selfless 无私的
reliable 可靠的
patient 有耐心的
persistent 坚持不懈的
considerate 体贴的
responsible 负责的
honest 诚实的
brave 勇敢的
态度动词
appreciate 感激;欣赏
admire 钦佩
envy嫉妒
despise 鄙视
tolerate 容忍
情感名词
hope希望
despair 绝望
relief 宽慰
anxiety 焦虑
shame 羞愧
pride 自豪
gratitude 感激
六、完形情景高频固定表达
all of a sudden 突然
as a matter of fact 事实上
in no time 立刻,马上
by accident 偶然
on purpose 故意
at a loss 茫然,不知所措
keep in mind 记住
come to mind 想起
hold back 抑制(情绪);忍住
keep one‘s promise 信守承诺
break one’s promise 违背承诺
keep in touch 保持联系
lose touch 失去联系
七、更多高频固定表达:
时间/顺序类
in the meantime / at the same time 与此同时
from now on 从现在起
from then on 从那时起
for the time being 暂时
in the long run 长远来看
sooner or later 迟早
转折/对比类
on the contrary 相反
in contrast / by contrast 对比之下
in comparison 相比之下
因果/结果类
as a consequence / as a result 因此
for this reason 出于这个原因
under these circumstances 在这种情况下
插入语/衔接类
in other words 换句话说
on the whole 总体而言
in terms of 就…而言
as far as 就…而言
for instance / for example 例如
that is to say 也就是说
in general 一般来说
after all 毕竟
above all 最重要的是
first of all 首先
动作/状态类
take effect 生效
come into effect 开始实施
take measures 采取措施
make a difference 有影响
play a role in 在…中起作用
have access to 有机会使用/接近
pay attention to 注意
attach importance to 重视
take it for granted 想当然
make the most of 充分利用
take advantage of 利用
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