2021年北京外国语大学研究生入学翻译真题Urgent action is needed in countries impacted by fragility, conflict and violence (FCV) to end extreme poverty globally, according to the World Bank Group. As crisis situations become increasingly protracted, with dire impacts on people and economies, the World Bank Group today released an FCV strategy, which for the first time systematically brings a full suite of financing and expertise to address these challenges in both low and middle income coutries. On the current trajectory, by 2030 up to two-thirds of the world's extreme poor will live in fragile and conflict-affected countries, according to a World Bank report also released today. Bucking the overall trend of a global decrease in extreme poverty, these countries are seeing sharp increases, threatening decades of progress in the fight against poverty. Fragile and conflict-affected situations take a huge toll on human capital, creating vicious cycles that lower people's lifetime productivity and earnings and reduce socioeconomic mobility. One in five people in these countries are deprived of money, education and basic infrastructure simultaneously. And the number of people living in close proximity to conflict has nearly doubled in the past 10 years.世界银行集团表示，对于那些受脆弱性、冲突和暴力（fragility, conflict and violence, FCV）影响的国家，我们亟需采取紧急措施，消除全球极端贫困。伴随危机持续加剧，各国人民和全球各大经济体深受影响。为此，世界银行集团于今日发布脆弱性、冲突和暴力（FVC）战略，首次系统性提出了全套融资和技术扶持方案，帮助中低收入国家应对这些挑战。世界银行今日发布报告显示，按照目前趋势，到2030年，全球将有三分之二的极端贫困人口/赤贫人口生活在冲突不断、极度脆弱的国家。在全球范围内，极端贫困人口/赤贫人口数量不断下降，但在这些国家，情况则完全相反，极端贫困人口数量却大幅攀升，这使得人类在数十年脱贫攻坚战中取得的进展危在旦夕。时局艰难、冲突此起彼伏，给人力资本造成严重伤害，引发人类终身生产力和收入水平双双下降的恶性循环，降低了社会经济流动性水平。在这些国家，五分之一的人口同时面临经济困难、教育缺失以及基础设施匮乏等问题。过去十年，生活在冲突地区附近的人口数量几乎翻了一番/一倍。重难点解析：1 As crisis situations become increasingly protracted, with dire impacts on people and economies,这部分为状语从句，该句通过"As"引导时间状语从句，描述危机持续加剧的背景，protracted 侧重 时间上的延长，但结合语境更准确的翻译应为"持续加剧"，强调危机状态的恶化趋势。这里situations可不用特别翻译出来，直接处理为‘危机’即可，如果非要传达出来，也可处理为“危局’。此外注意，这里economies 不能字面理解为“经济”，因为这里明显用了复数economies，所以应该为可数概念，那么应该指“经济体”这个概念。dire impacts 侧重严重影响，指对某事物或某人产生极其严重的影响，通常是负面的，这里可处理为 深受影响，传达出这个程度逻辑。综合译为：伴随危机持续加剧，各国人民和全球各经济体深受影响2 the World Bank Group today released an FCV strategy,处理这句之前，必须结合前面两句内容来明确逻辑连接。前面两句交代背景，即对于那些受脆弱性、冲突和暴力（fragility, conflict and violence, FCV）影响的国家，我们亟需采取紧急措施，消除全球极端贫困，且这一危机持续加剧，所以“世界银行集团于今日发布脆弱性、冲突和暴力（FVC）战略（the World Bank Group today released an FCV strategy），这中间明显存在一个目的逻辑，即正是因为前面跳的危机的存在，所以世界银行集团才发布相关战略来应对这一危机，存在目的逻辑，所以这里再处理这句话之前，应该添加逻辑词“为此或因此”。可译为：为此，世界银行集团于今日发布脆弱性、冲突和暴力（FVC）战略……3 Bucking the overall trend of a global decrease in extreme poverty, these countries are seeing sharp increases……这句话唯一难点就是Bucking the overall trend of……，"buck the trend of" 常见用法，意为“逆潮流而进”，指在整体趋势下降或衰退时，某事物或现象呈现相反的发展态势。理解了这个用法，这句话就很好理解了。回到原文语境，这里的整体趋势明显是后面提到的a global decrease in extreme poverty，即全球范围内，极端贫困人口数量在下降，而这里想要论述的相反趋势就是后面的“ these countries are seeing sharp increases in extreme poverty 而在这些国家中，极端贫困人口数量却急剧增加，明显前后逻辑相反，所以才说Bucking the overall trend of 有点类似于反其道而行之的意味。按照汉语逻辑重心在后的特点和习惯，先处理前面的背景信息，也就是全球整体趋势，然后再处理这些国家的发展趋势，这两处信息之间，可添加 情况完全相反，来进一步明确传达这里的Bucking the overall trend of……这层逻辑和信息。综合译为：在全球范围内，极端贫困人口/赤贫人口数量不断下降，但在这些国家，情况完全相反，极端贫困人口数量却急剧增加，4 One in five people in these countries are deprived of money, education and basic infrastructure simultaneously.提取主干：One in five people are deprived of ……某人被剥夺……首先，one in five是英语中表达比例或分率的常见结构，字面含义为“五个中有一个”，实际等同于数学上的“五分之一”。该短语通常用于描述统计数据或概率。in these countries 交代范围，指前面提到的countries impacted by fragility, conflict and violence (FCV) ，即受脆弱性、冲突和暴力（fragility, conflict and violence, FCV）影响的国家，但由于前面出现了几次，这里不是第一次出现，所以可直接简化处理为“这些国家” 。……are deprived of money, education and basic infrastructure simultaneously.字面基本意思是 xxx被剥夺了……，但不符合汉语表述要求，这里be depried of 可处理为无法享受xxx，初步译为：无法享有金钱，教育以及基础设施。但如果仅仅初步翻译，似乎译文效果并不好，并未传达出原文真实信息。这里建议根据不同对象（money, education and basic infrastructure），分别采取不同表述，不被原文所束缚，比如金钱被剥夺，其实就是经济困难，教育被剥夺，可处理为常用说法“教育缺失”，基础设施被剥夺，其实就是“基础设施匮乏”。所以我处理为：面临经济困难、教育缺失以及基础设施匮乏等问题。注意不要遗漏副词 simultaneously，同时发生/存在的，结合语境，指以上这些问题同时存在，所以可处理为“同时面临”。整体译为：在这些国家，五分之一的人口同时面临经济困难、教育缺失以及基础设施匮乏等问题。The strategy also emphasizes long-term support to help countries transition out of fragility, including private sector solutions, such as scaling-up investments in small and medium enterprises that are essential to create jobs and spur economic growth. It addresses the cross-border impacts of FCV, for example by focusing on the development needs of both refugees and host communities. This institutional shift is backed by increases in financing, both through the World Bank's General Capital Increase and through the recently approved replenishment of IDA, the World Bank's fund for the poorest countries, which included over $20 billion for FCV. The Bank and IFC will also make key operational changes, such as deploying more staff and resources to countries impacted by FCV and partnering with a range of international and local actors. IFC and MIGA have also committed to significantly increase their support to private sector investments in economies impacted by FCV.战略还强调给予这些国家长期支持，帮助他们走出脆弱困境。其中，要为私营经济提供解决方案，比如，逐步扩大对中小企业的投资力度，此举对创造就业和刺激经济增长/发展至关重要。再比如，关注难民及其收容社区的发展需求，解决/应对脆弱性、冲突和暴力的不良/负面国际影响。这一制度性转变以增资为后盾，增资是通过世界银行一般性增资和最近批准的IDA（世界银行面向最贫困国家的基金）增资实现的，IDA增资中包含逾200亿美元的脆弱性、冲突与暴力专项资金。世界银行集团和国际金融公司也将做出重大业务调整/改革，向受到受脆弱性、冲突和暴力影响的国家部署更多人员和资源，与广大国际和地区性参与机构通力合作。国际金融公司和多边投资担保机构（Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency, MIGA）也作出承诺，大幅加强对受脆弱性、冲突和暴力影响的经济体私营部门的扶持/支持力度。重难点解析：1 The strategy also emphasizes long-term support to help countries transition out of fragility,首先，The strategy 指前面提到的世界银行集团发布的脆弱性、冲突和暴力（FVC）战略，已经交代了，有语境参考，所以这里可直接处理为“战略”。 emphasizes long-term support 字面初步译为“强调长期支持”，但如果仅仅字面翻译，译文读来一头雾水，这里需要结合语境，明确信息，适当补充完整语境信息，比如这里的长期支持（long-term support ）明显针对的是本文核心对象，也就countries impacted by fragility, conflict and violence (FCV) ，即受脆弱性、冲突和暴力（fragility, conflict and violence, FCV）影响的国家，但由于前面出现了好几次，所以这里可直接简化处理为 这些国家 。即，给予这些国家长期支持。译为：战略还强调给予这些国家长期支持，帮助他们走出脆弱困境。2 It addresses the cross-border impacts of FCV,address 这里取其基本含义“解决或应对”。注意处理 the cross-border impacts of FCVcross- border 意思相当于international，表示 国际的，FVC指脆弱性、冲突和暴力（fragility, conflict and violence）。初步译为：解决/应对脆弱性、冲突和暴力的国际影响但结合文章可知，FVC指脆弱性、冲突和暴力（fragility, conflict and violence）明显为负面东西，文章也多次提到这个概念，其带来的影响肯定也是负面影响，正是这种负面影响，我们才需要address（解决或应对），所以这里应该结合语境，进行定性，比如添加“不良或负面”等修饰词，即 解决/应对脆弱性、冲突和暴力的不良/负面国际影响。可译为：解决/应对脆弱性、冲突和暴力的不良/负面国际影响。
3 This institutional shift is backed by increases in financing, both through the World Bank’s General Capital Increase and through the recently approved replenishment of IDA, the World Bank’s fund for the poorest countries, which included over $20 billion for FCV.
先捋清各个句子成分：
（主语）This institutional shift （谓语）is backed by （宾语）increases in financing, （方式状语）both throughthe World Bank’s General Capital Increase and throughthe recently approved replenishment of IDA, the World Bank’s fund for the poorest countries（作approved replenishment of IDA的同位语）, which included over $20 billion for FCV.（approved replenishment of IDA)的定语从句）
先看主干句：This institutional shift is backed by increases in financing
