📖 原文
(1) There are two basic types of glaciers, those that flow outward in all directions with (2) little regard for any underlying terrain and those that are confined by terrain to a (3) particular path. (4) The first category of glaciers includes those massive blankets that cover whole continents, appropriately called ice sheets. There must be over 50,000 square kilometers (5) of land covered with ice for the glacier to qualify as an ice sheet. When portions of (6) an ice sheet spread out over the ocean, they form ice shelves. (7) About 20,000 years ago the Cordilleran Ice Sheet covered nearly all the mountains in (8) southern Alaska, western Canada, and the western United States. It was about 3 (9) kilometers deep at its thickest point in northern Alberta. Now there are only two sheets (10) left on Earth, those covering Greenland and Antarctica. (11) Any domelike body of ice that also flows out in all directions but covers less than (12) 50,000 square kilometers is called an ice cap. Although ice caps are rare nowadays, (13) there are a number in northeastern Canada, on Baffin Island, and on the Queen Elizabeth (14) Islands. (15) The second category of glaciers includes those of a variety of shapes and sizes (16) generally called mountain or alpine glaciers. Mountain glaciers are typically identified (17) by the landform that controls their flow. One form of mountain glacier that resembles (18) an ice cap in that it flows outward in several directions is called an ice field. The (19) difference between an ice field and an ice cap is subtle. Essentially, the flow of an ice (20) field is somewhat controlled by surrounding terrain and thus does not have the (21) domelike shape of a cap. There are several ice fields in the Wrangell, St. Elias, and (22) Chugach mountains of Alaska and northern British Columbia. (23) Less spectacular than large ice fields are the most common types of mountain (24) glaciers: the cirque and valley glaciers. Cirque glaciers are found in depressions in the (25) surface of the land and have a characteristic circular shape. The ice of valley glaciers, (26) bound by terrain, flows down valleys, curves around their corners, and falls over cliffs.
❓ 试题解析
问题 6： What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. Where major glaciers are located
B. How glaciers shape the land
C. How glaciers are formed
D. The different kinds of glaciers
✅ 正确答案： D）The different kinds of glaciers
📝 解析： 全文介绍两种基本冰川类型：冰盖/冰架/冰帽，以及山地冰川/冰原/冰斗冰川/山谷冰川。
💡 解题技巧： 主旨题看首段分类及后文列举。
问题 7： The word “massive” in line 4 is closest in meaning to
A. huge
B. strange
C. cold
D. recent
✅ 正确答案： A）huge
📝 解析： “massive blankets that cover whole continents” — massive = 巨大的。
💡 解题技巧： 词汇题：massive = huge = enormous。
问题 8： It can be inferred that ice sheets are so named for which of the following reasons?
A. They are confined to mountain valleys.
B. They cover large areas of land.
C. They are thicker in some areas than in others.
D. They have a characteristic circular shape.
✅ 正确答案： B）They cover large areas of land.
📝 解析： “ice sheets” 如 sheet（薄片/覆盖层），覆盖整个大陆。
💡 解题技巧： 推理题结合命名逻辑（sheet 暗示大面积覆盖）。
问题 9： According to the passage, ice shelves can be found
A. covering an entire continent
B. buried within the mountains
C. spreading into the ocean
D. filling deep valleys
✅ 正确答案： C）spreading into the ocean
📝 解析： “When portions of an ice sheet spread out over the ocean, they form ice shelves”。
💡 解题技巧： 细节题定位“spread out over the ocean”。
问题 10： According to the passage, where was the Cordilleran Ice Sheet thickest?
A. Alaska
B. Greenland
C. Alberta
D. Antarctica
✅ 正确答案： C）Alberta
📝 解析： “It was about 3 kilometers deep at its thickest point in northern Alberta”。
💡 解题技巧： 细节题定位“thickest point”。
问题 11： The word “rare” in line 13 is closest in meaning to
A. small
B. unusual
C. valuable
D. widespread
✅ 正确答案： B）unusual
📝 解析： “Although ice caps are rare nowadays” — rare = 罕见的/不常见的。
💡 解题技巧： 词汇题：rare = uncommon = unusual。
问题 12： According to the passage (paragraph 5), ice fields resemble ice caps in which of the following ways?
A. Their shape
B. Their flow
C. Their texture
D. Their location
✅ 正确答案： B）Their flow
📝 解析： “resembles an ice cap in that it flows outward in several directions” — 流动方式相似。
💡 解题技巧： 细节题定位“resembles ... in that”。
问题 13： The word “it” in line 19 refers to
A. glacier
B. cap
C. difference
D. terrain
✅ 正确答案： A）glacier
📝 解析： “One form of mountain glacier ... is called an ice field. The difference between an ice field and an ice cap is subtle... the flow of an ice field is somewhat controlled...” — 讨论的是冰川类型。
💡 解题技巧： 代词题回找前一句主语（mountain glacier / ice field）。
问题 14： The word “subtle” in line 20 is closest in meaning to
A. slight
B. common
C. important
D. measurable
✅ 正确答案： A）slight
📝 解析： “The difference ... is subtle” — subtle = 微妙的/细微的。
💡 解题技巧： 词汇题：subtle = slight = not obvious。
问题 15： All of the following are alpine glaciers EXCEPT
A. cirque glaciers
B. ice caps
C. valley glaciers
D. ice fields
✅ 正确答案： B）ice caps
📝 解析： 冰盖/冰帽是第一类冰川（冰盖、冰帽），不是高山冰川。
💡 解题技巧： “EXCEPT”题区分两类冰川的范畴。
问题 16： Which of the following types of glaciers does the author use to illustrate the two basic types of glaciers mentioned in line 1?
A. Ice fields and cirques
B. Cirques and alpine glaciers
C. Ice sheets and ice shelves
D. Ice sheets and mountain glaciers
✅ 正确答案： D）Ice sheets and mountain glaciers
📝 解析： 第一类代表：ice sheets/ice caps；第二类代表：mountain/alpine glaciers。
💡 解题技巧： 细节题定位首句分类及后文命名。
🌐 中文翻译
冰川有两种基本类型：一种向各个方向流动，几乎不受下方地形影响；另一种被地形限制在特定路径上。 第一类冰川包括那些覆盖整个大陆的巨大冰层，恰当地称为冰盖。必须有超过50,000平方公里的土地被冰覆盖，该冰川才能被称为冰盖。当冰盖的部分延伸至海洋时，它们形成冰架。 大约20,000年前，科迪勒拉冰盖几乎覆盖了阿拉斯加南部、加拿大西部和美国西部的所有山脉。在阿尔伯塔省北部最厚处，其深度约为3公里。现在地球上只剩下两个冰盖，即覆盖格陵兰岛和南极洲的冰盖。 任何圆顶状的冰体，同样向各个方向流动，但覆盖面积小于50,000平方公里的称为冰帽。虽然如今冰帽罕见，但在加拿大东北部、巴芬岛和伊丽莎白女王群岛上仍有一些。 第二类冰川包括各种形状和大小，通常称为山地冰川或高山冰川。山地冰川通常由控制其流动的地形地貌来识别。一种山地冰川在向多个方向外流方面类似于冰帽，称为冰原。冰原和冰帽之间的差异是微妙的。基本上，冰原的流动在一定程度上受到周围地形的控制，因此没有冰帽的圆顶形状。在阿拉斯加的`兰格尔山`、圣伊莱亚斯山和楚加奇山以及不列颠哥伦比亚省北部有几个冰原。 不如大型冰原壮观的是最常见的山地冰川类型：冰斗冰川和山谷冰川。冰斗冰川位于地表洼地中，具有典型的圆形。山谷冰川的冰受地形限制，沿着山谷流动，绕过谷角，并从悬崖上坠落。
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