【阅读理解】中石油托福真题第07套, Passage 1

问题 1： What does the passage mainly discuss?

A. The architecture of early American Indian buildings

B. The movement of American Indians across North America

C. Ceremonies and rituals of American Indians

D. The way of life of American Indian tribes in early North America

✅ 正确答案： D）The way of life of American Indian tribes in early North America

📝 解析： 全文介绍不同部落的生活方式：霍皮人和祖尼人的定居农业生活、肖肖尼人和尤特人的游猎生活、因纽特人的北极生存方式、平原印第安人的野牛狩猎。

💡 解题技巧： 主旨题看各段对不同部落生活方式的描述。

问题 2： According to the passage, the Hopi and Zuni typically built their homes

A. in valleys

B. next to streams

C. on open plains

D. against cliffs

✅ 正确答案： D）against cliffs

📝 解析： "These buildings were usually put up against cliffs" — 建在悬崖边上。

💡 解题技巧： 细节题定位"put up against"。

问题 3： The word "They" in line 6 refers to

A. goods

B. buildings

C. cliffs

D. enemies

✅ 正确答案： B）buildings

📝 解析： "These buildings were usually put up against cliffs ... They were really villages in themselves" — They 指 buildings。

💡 解题技巧： 代词题找前一个句子的主语（These buildings）。

问题 4： It can be inferred from the passage that the dwellings of the Hopi and Zuni were

A. very small

B. highly advanced

C. difficult to defend

D. quickly constructed

✅ 正确答案： B）highly advanced

📝 解析： 房子像现代公寓楼，高达四层，容纳千人，说明相当先进。

💡 解题技巧： 推理题结合描述词（remarkably like modern apartment houses）。

问题 5： The author uses the phrase "the three sisters" in line 9 to refer to

A. Hopi women

B. family members

C. important crops

D. rain ceremonies

✅ 正确答案： C）important crops

📝 解析： "the three sisters" - corn, beans, and squash — 指三种主要农作物。

💡 解题技巧： 细节题看破折号后的解释。

问题 6： The word "scarce" in line 12 is closest in meaning to

A. limited

B. hidden

C. pure

D. necessary

✅ 正确答案： A）limited

📝 解析： "The Southwest has always been a dry country, where water is scarce" — scarce = 稀缺的/有限的。

💡 解题技巧： 词汇题结合上下文（dry country）。

问题 7： Which of the following is true of the Shoshone and Ute?

A. They were not as settled as the Hopi and Zuni.

B. They hunted caribou.

C. They built their homes with adobe.

D. They did not have many religious ceremonies.

✅ 正确答案： A）They were not as settled as the Hopi and Zuni.

📝 解析： "The way of life of less-settled groups was simpler" — 肖肖尼人和尤特人属于 less-settled groups。

💡 解题技巧： 细节题定位"less-settled"。

问题 8： According to the passage, which of the following tribes lived in the grasslands?

A. The Shoshone and Ute

B. The Cheyenne and Sioux

C. The Hopi and Zuni

D. The Pawnee and Inuit

✅ 正确答案： B）The Cheyenne and Sioux

📝 解析： "The Cheyenne, Pawnee, and Sioux tribes, known as the Plains Indians, lived on the grasslands"。

💡 解题技巧： 细节题定位"grasslands"。

问题 9： Which of the following animals was most important to the Plains Indians?

A. The salmon

B. The caribou

C. The seal

D. The buffalo

✅ 正确答案： D）The buffalo

📝 解析： "They hunted bison, commonly called the buffalo. Its meat was the chief food... its hide was used to make their clothing"。

💡 解题技巧： 细节题定位"chief food"。

问题 10： Which of the following is NOT mentioned by the author as a dwelling place of early North Americans?

A. Log cabins

B. Adobe houses

C. Tipis

D. Igloos

✅ 正确答案： A）Log cabins

📝 解析： 文中提到 adobe houses（霍皮人和祖尼人）、tipis（平原印第安人帐篷覆盖物）、igloos（因纽特人），未提到 log cabins。

💡 解题技巧： "NOT"题逐项核对文中提到的住所类型。

问题 11： The author gives an explanation for all of the following words EXCEPT

A. adobe

B. pueblos

C. caribou

D. bison

✅ 正确答案： C）caribou

📝 解析： adobe（sun-baked brick plastered with mud）、pueblos（Spanish for town）、bison（commonly called the buffalo）均有解释，caribou 未解释。

💡 解题技巧： “EXCEPT”题定位文中给出定义的词汇。

问题 12： The author groups North American Indians according to their

A. tribes and geographical regions

B. arts and crafts

C. rituals and ceremonies

D. date of appearance on the continent

✅ 正确答案： A）tribes and geographical regions

📝 解析： 作者按部落名称和所在地区组织：西南部的 Hopi/Zuni，落基山脉地区的 Shoshone/Ute，远北的 Inuit，平原的 Cheyenne/Pawnee/Sioux。

💡 解题技巧： 组织结构题看各段首句的地理定位。