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① 高频动作动词 (80个)

sustain /səˈsteɪn/ v. 维持；遭受 The soil can sustain only a few crops.

collapse /kəˈlæps/ v. 倒塌；崩溃 The bridge collapsed due to heavy rain.

trigger /ˈtrɪɡər/ v. 触发，引起 Stress can trigger headaches.

differentiate /ˌdɪfəˈrenʃieɪt/ v. 区分，辨别 It's hard to differentiate the two species.

diminish /dɪˈmɪnɪʃ/ v. 减少，减弱 His influence has diminished over time.

accommodate /əˈkɑːmədeɪt/ v. 容纳；向…提供住处 The hall can accommodate 500 people.

incur /ɪnˈkɜːr/ v. 招致，引发 Any delay will incur extra costs.

alleviate /əˈliːvieɪt/ v. 减轻（痛苦） This drug alleviates pain quickly.

escalate /ˈeskəleɪt/ v. 升级，恶化 The conflict escalated into war.

retrieve /rɪˈtriːv/ v. 取回；挽回 He retrieved the ball from the river.

enhance /ɪnˈhæns/ v. 提高，增强 This will enhance your memory.

undergo /ˌʌndərˈɡoʊ/ v. 经历 The country underwent great changes.

yield /jiːld/ v. 产出；屈服 This tree yields delicious apples.

conceive /kənˈsiːv/ v. 构想；怀孕 He conceived the idea during a walk.

induce /ɪnˈduːs/ v. 引起；劝诱 The medicine induces sleep.

consume /kənˈsuːm/ v. 消耗；吃 A huge amount of energy is consumed.

restrict /rɪˈstrɪkt/ v. 限制 Access is restricted to members only.

expand /ɪkˈspænd/ v. 扩张，膨胀 Metal expands when heated.

contract /kənˈtrækt/ v. 收缩；感染 Muscles contract and relax.

correspond /ˌkɔːrəˈspɑːnd/ v. 符合；通信 Your words must correspond with your actions.

fluctuate /ˈflʌktʃueɪt/ v. 波动 Prices fluctuate throughout the year.

plunge /plʌndʒ/ v. 骤降；投入 Temperatures plunged below zero.

soar /sɔːr/ v. 猛增；高飞 House prices have soared recently.

stagnate /ˈstæɡneɪt/ v. 停滞，不发展 The economy stagnated for years.

evolve /iˈvɑːlv/ v. 进化，演变 Humans evolved from apes.

merge /mɜːrdʒ/ v. 合并 The two companies merged into one.

split /splɪt/ v. 分裂，分开 The class split into two groups.

reverse /rɪˈvɜːrs/ v. 逆转；撤销 The decision was reversed later.

convert /kənˈvɜːrt/ v. 转换 We converted the barn into a garage.

adapt /əˈdæpt/ v. 适应；改编 Animals adapt to their environment.

cope /koʊp/ v. 应对 She can't cope with so much work.

surpass /sərˈpæs/ v. 超过 His score surpassed my expectation.

outweigh /ˌaʊtˈweɪ/ v. 超过（重要性） The benefits outweigh the risks.

exceed /ɪkˈsiːd/ v. 超过 Do not exceed the speed limit.

dominate /ˈdɑːmɪneɪt/ v. 支配，统治 The big company dominates the market.

facilitate /fəˈsɪlɪteɪt/ v. 促进，使便利 The new road facilitates transport.

hinder /ˈhɪndər/ v. 阻碍 Bad weather hindered the search.

inhibit /ɪnˈhɪbɪt/ v. 抑制 Fear inhibits people from speaking.

abolish /əˈbɑːlɪʃ/ v. 废除 Slavery was abolished in 1865.

eliminate /ɪˈlɪmɪneɪt/ v. 消除；淘汰 We eliminated all errors.

integrate /ˈɪntɪɡreɪt/ v. 整合 Immigrants integrate into society.

isolate /ˈaɪsəleɪt/ v. 孤立，隔离 The village was isolated by snow.

unify /ˈjuːnɪfaɪ/ v. 统一 The leader unified the tribes.

allocate /ˈæləkeɪt/ v. 分配 We allocated funds to education.

distribute /dɪˈstrɪbjuːt/ v. 分发 Food was distributed to the poor.

accumulate /əˈkjuːmjəleɪt/ v. 积累 Dust accumulates if not cleaned.

discard /dɪˈskɑːrd/ v. 丢弃 Discard any rotten apples.

preserve /prɪˈzɜːrv/ v. 保护；保存 Preserve the environment.

neglect /nɪˈɡlekt/ v.忽视 He neglected his studies.

overlook /ˌoʊvərˈlʊk/ v. 忽略；俯瞰 Don't overlook small details.

anticipate /ænˈtɪsɪpeɪt/ v. 预期 We anticipate a hot summer.

foresee /fɔːrˈsiː/ v. 预见 No one foresaw the crisis.

intervene /ˌɪntərˈviːn/ v. 干预 The police had to intervene.

compensate /ˈkɑːmpenseɪt/ v. 补偿 The insurance compensated his loss.

withdraw /wɪðˈdrɔː/ v. 撤回；提款 He withdrew his application.

deprive /dɪˈpraɪv/ v. 剥夺 The law deprived him of his rights.

impose /ɪmˈpoʊz/ v. 强加 Taxes are imposed on cigarettes.

endeavor /ɪnˈdevər/ v. 努力 We endeavor to help all students.

strive /straɪv/ v. 奋斗 Strive for excellence.

pursue /pərˈsuː/ v. 追求 She pursued a career in law.

abandon /əˈbændən/ v. 抛弃 The ship was abandoned.

dismiss /dɪsˈmɪs/ v. 解雇；驳回 The boss dismissed him.

deny /dɪˈnaɪ/ v. 否认 He denied stealing the money.

refute /rɪˈfjuːt/ v. 反驳 She refuted his argument.

confirm /kənˈfɜːrm/ v. 确认 Please confirm your booking.

verify /ˈverɪfaɪ/ v. 核实 Verify the data before using.

estimate /ˈestɪmeɪt/ v. 估计 We estimate the cost at $1000.

calculate /ˈkælkjuleɪt/ v. 计算 Calculate the area of the circle.

assess /əˈses/ v. 评估 Damage is being assessed.

evaluate /ɪˈvæljueɪt/ v. 评价 Evaluate the results carefully.

diagnose /ˌdaɪəɡˈnoʊs/ v. 诊断 The doctor diagnosed cancer.

prescribe /prɪˈskraɪb/ v. 开药 The doctor prescribed antibiotics.

administer /ədˈmɪnɪstər/ v. 管理；给予 Administer the medicine daily.

negotiate /nɪˈɡoʊʃieɪt/ v. 谈判 They negotiated a peace treaty.

cooperate /koʊˈɑːpəreɪt/ v. 合作 We must cooperate to finish.

coordinate /koʊˈɔːrdɪneɪt/ v. 协调 Coordinate your movements.

advocate /ˈædvəkeɪt/ v. 提倡 He advocates recycling.

oppose /əˈpoʊz/ v. 反对 Many opposed the war.

rescue /ˈreskjuː/ v. 营救 Firefighters rescued the child.

liberate /ˈlɪbəreɪt/ v. 解放 The army liberated the town.

② 抽象名词 (70个)

contradiction /ˌkɑːntrəˈdɪkʃn/ n. 矛盾 There is no contradiction in his words.

consensus /kənˈsensəs/ n. 共识 The consensus is that we should act.

implication /ˌɪmplɪˈkeɪʃn/ n. 含义；牵连 What are the implications of this decision?

dimension /daɪˈmenʃn/ n. 维度；方面 This problem has a social dimension.

paradox /ˈpærədɑːks/ n. 悖论 It's a paradox that standing is more tiring than walking.

dilemma /dɪˈlemə/ n. 两难困境 She faces the dilemma of choosing between career and family.

ambiguity /ˌæmbɪˈɡjuːəti/ n. 歧义 The wording has some ambiguity.

hypothesis /haɪˈpɑːθəsɪs/ n. 假设 The hypothesis was proved wrong.

phenomenon /fəˈnɑːmɪnən/ n. 现象 Language is a human phenomenon.

trend /trend/ n. 趋势The trend toward online shopping continues.

fluctuation /ˌflʌktʃuˈeɪʃn/ n. 波动 Fluctuations in temperature are normal.

distortion /dɪˈstɔːrʃn/ n. 扭曲 This is a distortion of the truth.

fragmentation /ˌfræɡmenˈteɪʃn/ n. 分裂 The fragmentation of society into small groups.

integration /ˌɪntɪˈɡreɪʃn/ n. 整合 Economic integration benefits all.

isolation /ˌaɪsəˈleɪʃn/ n. 隔离 He lived in isolation for years.

interaction /ˌɪntərˈækʃn/ n. 互动 Social interaction is important for children.

exposure /ɪkˈspoʊʒər/ n. 暴露；接触 Exposure to sun is harmful.

threshold /ˈθreʃhoʊld/ n. 门槛；起点 He has a low threshold for pain.

perspective /pərˈspektɪv/ n. 视角；观点 Try to see it from my perspective.

insight /ˈɪnsaɪt/ n. 洞察力 The book gives insight into her mind.

intuition /ˌɪntuˈɪʃn/ n. 直觉 Sometimes intuition is better than logic.

instinct /ˈɪnstɪŋkt/ n. 本能 Birds build nests by instinct.

impulse /ˈɪmpʌls/ n. 冲动 He bought the car on impulse.

urge /ɜːrdʒ/ n. 强烈的欲望 He felt an urge to laugh.

tendency /ˈtendənsi/ n. 倾向 She has a tendency to exaggerate.

inclination /ˌɪnklɪˈneɪʃn/ n. 倾向 I have no inclination to go.

capacity /kəˈpæsəti/ n. 能力；容量 His capacity for work is amazing.

competence /ˈkɑːmpɪtəns/ n. 胜任能力 I doubt his competence.

credibility /ˌkredəˈbɪləti/ n. 可靠性 The scandal damaged his credibility.

legitimacy /lɪˈdʒɪtɪməsi/ n. 合法性 They questioned the legitimacy of the election.

transparency /trænsˈpærənsi/ n. 透明 The government lacks transparency.

accountability /əˌkaʊntəˈbɪləti/ n. 问责制 We need more accountability.

autonomy /ɔːˈtɑːnəmi/ n. 自主权 The region demanded autonomy.

sovereignty /ˈsɑːvrənti/ n. 主权 Nations must respect each other's sovereignty.

resilience /rɪˈzɪliəns/ n. 韧性；恢复力 Her resilience helped her recover.

vulnerability /ˌvʌlnərəˈbɪləti/ n. 脆弱性 The system's vulnerability was exposed.

ambiguity /ˌæmbɪˈɡjuːəti/ n. 含糊不清 The contract is full of ambiguity.

ambiguity (已收)

coherence /koʊˈhɪrəns/ n. 连贯性 His essay lacks coherence.

consistency /kənˈsɪstənsi/ n. 一致性 There's no consistency in his actions.

conformity /kənˈfɔːrməti/ n. 遵从 Conformity to rules is required.

deviation /ˌdiːviˈeɪʃn/ n. 偏离 Any deviation from the plan is risky.

discrepancy /dɪˈskrepənsi/ n. 差异 There is a discrepancy between the two reports.

disparity /dɪˈspærəti/ n. 悬殊 The disparity in wealth is growing.

equality /iˈkwɑːləti/ n. 平等 Gender equality is important.

inequality /ˌɪnɪˈkwɑːləti/ n. 不平等 Income inequality is a problem.

equity /ˈekwəti/ n. 公平 The system lacks equity.

injustice /ɪnˈdʒʌstɪs/ n. 不公正 He fought against injustice.

prejudice /ˈpredʒədɪs/ n. 偏见 Prejudice is hard to overcome.

stereotype /ˈsteriətaɪp/ n. 刻板印象 Gender stereotypes still exist.

discrimination /dɪˌskrɪmɪˈneɪʃn/ n. 歧视 Racial discrimination is illegal.

segregation /ˌseɡrɪˈɡeɪʃn/ n. 隔离 Racial segregation was abolished.

integration /ˌɪntɪˈɡreɪʃn/ n. 融合（前有） 

alienation /ˌeɪliəˈneɪʃn/ n. 疏远 He felt a sense of alienation from society.

assimilation /əˌsɪməˈleɪʃn/ n. 同化 The assimilation of immigrants takes time.

diversity /daɪˈvɜːrsəti/ n. 多样性 We celebrate cultural diversity.

pluralism /ˈplʊrəlɪzəm/ n. 多元主义 Pluralism is a core value.

homogeneity /ˌhoʊmədʒəˈniːəti/ n. 同质性 The population is not homogeneous.

hierarchy /ˈhaɪərɑːrki/ n. 等级制度 The company has a strict hierarchy.

bureaucracy /bjʊˈrɑːkrəsi/ n. 官僚主义 The bureaucracy slows everything down.

oligopoly /ˈɑːlɪɡɑːpəli/ n. 寡头垄断 The industry is an oligopoly.

monopoly /məˈnɑːpəli/ n. 垄断 The company has a monopoly on the service.

inflation /ɪnˈfleɪʃn/ n. 通货膨胀 Inflation is rising.

recession /rɪˈseʃn/ n. 经济衰退 The country is in recession.

depression /dɪˈpreʃn/ n. 萧条；抑郁 The Great Depression was severe.

subsidy /ˈsʌbsədi/ n. 补贴 Farmers receive subsidies.

tariff /ˈtærɪf/ n. 关税 High tariffs hurt trade.

quota /ˈkwoʊtə/ n. 配额 The quota for imports is limited.

deficit /ˈdefɪsɪt/ n. 赤字 The budget deficit is huge.

surplus /ˈsɜːrplʌs/ n. 盈余 The country has a trade surplus.

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