protect中考英语考点精讲精练
以下是对protect一词的全面解析,涵盖构词、搭配、句型、同根词拓展及中考考点。
一、词源与构词解析
protect的词源有助于理解其核心含义:
- 词根拆解
pro-(向前、在前)+-tect-(藏、覆盖)→ 在前面遮盖以提供保护 - 字面含义
源自拉丁语 protegere,意为“在前面遮盖”以防御伤害 - 词义演变
15世纪首次出现,初始含义为“覆盖或屏蔽以防御”;1789年衍生出经济学领域“通过关税保护国内产业”的含义
巧记口诀:
pro(在前)+tect(覆盖)→ 在前面为你“遮风挡雨” → 保护
同根词拓展(基于词根-tect-,意为“掩盖、覆盖”):
- detect
(v. 发现、侦查)→ de-(去掉)+tect(覆盖)→ 揭开覆盖物→ 发现 - detective
(n. 侦探) - toga
(n. 托加袍,古罗马外袍)
二、核心搭配与句型
1. 最常考结构:protect sb./sth. from/against sth.
| protect + 宾语 + from + 危险源 | Wearing dark glasses can protect your eyes from the sun. | |
| protect + 宾语 + against + 危险源 | Vitamin C may help protect against cancer. | |
| protect + 名词 | The police protect the community. |
注意:from和against在大部分情况下可互换,但against的语气更强,常用于重大威胁(如疾病、攻击)。
2. 其他常见用法
- 被动语态
These rare tigers are protected by special laws.(这些珍贵的老虎受到专门法律的保护) - 法律领域
Such laws could protect the consumer from harmful or dangerous remedies.(此类法律可保护消费者免受有害药品的威胁) - 保险领域
The insurance policy protects you against injury.(如遭伤害,这保险单保证偿付你的损失) - 经济领域(贸易保护)
Of course the company will act to protect its financial interests in the country if war begins.(如果战争爆发,这个公司当然会采取行动保护自己在该国的经济利益)
三、同根词拓展(中考词形转换考点)
| protect | We should protect the environment. | ||
| protection | The law provides protection for consumers. | ||
| protective | Protective measures should be taken. | ||
| protector | He is a protector of the forest. |
中考常考题型——词形转换填空:
The government is taking _______ (protect) measures to stop the spread of the virus.
答案:protective(需用形容词形式修饰名词measures)
四、近义词辨析(中考高频考点)
protect与以下几个近义词的辨析是中考完形填空和选词填空的常考点:
| protect | He raised his arm to protect his child from hurt. | |
| defend | These gallant soldiers will protect our country. | |
| guard | The dog guards the house. | |
| shield | She shielded her eyes from the sun. | |
| safeguard | We must safeguard our national security. |
五、中考真题场景应用精练
精练1:语法填空(介词填空)
(中考改编)We should do something to protect the environment _______ pollution.
答案:from/against
解析:保护环境免受污染,固定搭配protect...from/against...,此处两个介词均可使用。
精练2:语法填空(词形转换)
The _______ (protect) of the environment is everyone's responsibility.
答案:protection
解析:定冠词the后需用名词形式,作主语。
精练3:单项选择(近义词辨析)
The mother raised her arm to _______ her child from the falling glass.
A. guard B. defend C. protect D. shield
答案:C
解析:此处强调用身体作为“预防性”保护手段使孩子免受伤害,protect为最佳选项。guard强调警惕、defend强调对抗、shield强调遮蔽,均不如protect贴切。
精练4:完成句子(翻译/写作)
我们应该采取措施保护我们的地球。
参考答案:We should take measures to protect our earth.
精练5:短语匹配题
请将以下短语与正确的中文释义匹配:
① protect against attack ② protect the environment ③ protect children
参考答案:①保护…免遭袭击 ②保护环境 ③保护儿童
六、提分策略总结
牢记核心结构:
protect sb./sth. from/against sth.——这是中考最常考的固定搭配,from和against均可用,但against语气更强。掌握词形转换:protect(动词)→ protection(名词)→ protective(形容词)→ protector(名词,保护者)。中考语法填空常考查名词形式
protection和形容词形式protective。区分近义词:protect(预防性保护)与defend(主动防御)、guard(警惕守卫)、shield(遮蔽防护)的细微差别,是完形填空的高频考点。
关注专业领域含义:法律、经济(贸易保护)、保险领域的特殊用法虽非中考高频,但阅读理解中可能出现,建议了解。
结合语境记忆:不要孤立背诵“protect-保护”,而要通过真题短语如“protect the environment”“protect children”“protect against cancer”等语境记忆,提升词汇的调用效率。
通过以上精讲精练,掌握protect的词根构词法、固定搭配、同根词转换及近义词辨析,结合真题语境反复演练,定能在中考中游刃有余!