📖 原文
(1) In the 1500's when the Spanish moved into what later was to become the southwestern (2) United States, they encountered the ancestors of the modern-day Pueblo, Hopi, and Zuni (3) peoples. These ancestors, known variously as the Basket Makers, the Anasazi, or the (4) Ancient Ones, had lived in the area for at least 2,000 years. They were an advanced (5) agricultural people who used irrigation to help grow their crops. (6) The Anasazi lived in houses constructed of adobe and wood. Anasazi houses (7) were originally built in pits and were entered from the roof. But around the year 700 A.D., the (8) Anasazi began to build their homes above ground and join them together into rambling (9) multistoried complexes, which the Spanish called pueblos or villages. Separate (10) subterranean rooms in these pueblos - known as kivas or chapels - were set aside for (11) religious ceremonials. Each kiva had a fire pit and a hole that was believed to lead to the (12) underworld. The largest pueblos had five stories and more than 800 rooms. (13) The Anasazi family was matrilinear; that is, descent was traced through the female. (14) The sacred objects of the family were under the control of the oldest female, but the (15) actual ceremonies were conducted by her brother or son. Women owned the rooms in the (16) pueblo and the crops, once they were harvested. While still growing, crops belonged to (17) the men, who, in contrast to most other Native American groups, planted them. The (18) Women made baskets and pottery; the men wove textiles and crafted turquoise jewelry. (19) Each village had two chiefs. The village chief dealt with land disputes and religious (20) affairs. The war chief led the men in fighting during occasional conflicts that broke out (21) with neighboring villages and directed the men in community building projects. The (22) cohesive political and social organization of the Anasazi made it almost impossible for (23) other groups to conquer them.
❓ 试题解析
问题 1： The Anasazi people were considered "agriculturally advanced" because of the way they
A. stored their crops
B. fertilized their fields
C. watered their crops
D. planted their fields
✅ 正确答案： C）watered their crops
📝 解析：文中明确"used irrigation to help grow their crops" — irrigation 指灌溉/给作物浇水。
💡 解题技巧：因果细节题定位"advanced agricultural"后的解释。
问题 2： The word "pits" in line 7 is closest in meaning to
A. stages
B. scars
C. seeds
D. holes
✅ 正确答案： D）holes
📝 解析："built in pits and were entered from the roof" — pits = 坑/洞。
💡 解题技巧：词汇题结合建筑语境（半地穴式房屋）。
问题 3： The word "stories" in line 12 is closest in meaning to
A. articles
B. tales
C. levels
D. rumors
✅ 正确答案： C）levels
📝 解析："five stories" — 指建筑的楼层数。
💡 解题技巧：词汇题注意一词多义：stories = floors/levels。
问题 4： Who would have been most likely to control the sacred objects of an Anasazi family?
A. A twenty-year-old man
B. A twenty-year-old woman
C. A forty-year-old man
D. A forty-year-old woman
✅ 正确答案： D）A forty-year-old woman
📝 解析："sacred objects ... under the control of the oldest female" — 最年长的女性。
💡 解题技巧：细节题定位"oldest female"。
问题 5： The word "they" in line 16 refers to
A. women
B. crops
C. rooms
D. pueblos
✅ 正确答案： B）crops
📝 解析："Women owned the rooms ... and the crops, once they were harvested" — they 指 crops。
💡 解题技巧：代词题找 harvest 的宾语。
问题 6： The word "disputes" in line 19 is closest in meaning to
A. discussions
B. arguments
C. developments
D. purchases
✅ 正确答案： B）arguments
📝 解析："land disputes" — disputes = 争议/争执。
💡 解题技巧：词汇题结合常见搭配（land disputes）。
问题 7： Which of the following activities was NOT done by Anasazi men?
A. Making baskets
B. Planting crops
C. Building homes
D. Crafting jewelry
✅ 正确答案： A）Making baskets
📝 解析："The women made baskets and pottery" — 篮子由女性制作。
💡 解题技巧："NOT"题定位男女分工对比。
问题 8： According to the passage, what made it almost impossible for other groups to conquer the Anasazi?
A. The political and social organization of the Anasazi
B. The military tactics employed by the Anasazi
C. The Anasazi's agricultural technology
D. The natural barriers surrounding Anasazi villages
✅ 正确答案： A）The political and social organization of the Anasazi
📝 解析："The cohesive political and social organization ... made it almost impossible for other groups to conquer them"。
💡 解题技巧：因果细节题定位"made it almost impossible"前的主语。
问题 9： The passage supports which of the following generalizations?
A. The presence of the Spanish threatened Anasazi society.
B. The Anasazi benefited from trading relations with the Spanish.
C. Anasazi society exhibited a well-defined division of labor.
D. Conflicts between neighboring Anasazi villages were easily resolved.
✅ 正确答案： C）Anasazi society exhibited a well-defined division of labor.
📝 解析：文中明确分工：女性做篮子和陶器，男性纺织和做珠宝，种植也有分工。
💡 解题技巧：推理题找全文支持的概括性陈述。
🌐 中文翻译
在16世纪，当西班牙人进入后来成为美国西南部的地区时，他们遇到了现代普韦布洛人、霍皮人和祖尼人的祖先。这些祖先，有各种称呼——篮子制造者、阿纳萨齐人或古代人——已经在这个地区生活了至少2000年。他们是一个先进的农业民族，使用灌溉来帮助种植作物。 阿纳萨齐人住在用土坯和木头建造的房屋里。阿纳萨齐人的房屋最初建在坑里，从屋顶进入。但在公元700年左右，阿纳萨齐人开始在地上建造他们的家园，并将它们连接成延伸的多层建筑群，西班牙人称之为 pueblos 或 villages。这些 pueblos 中单独的地下房间——被称为 kivas 或 chapels——被保留用于宗教仪式。每个 kiva 都有一个火坑和一个被认为通往地下世界的洞。最大的 pueblos 有五层楼高，有800多个房间。 阿纳萨齐人的家庭是母系制的；也就是说，血统通过女性追溯。家庭的神圣物品由最年长的女性控制，但实际的仪式由她的兄弟或儿子主持。女性拥有 pueblo 中的房间以及收获后的作物。作物在生长期间属于男性——与其他大多数美洲原住民群体不同，阿纳萨齐的男性负责种植作物。女性制作篮子和陶器；男性编织纺织品和制作绿松石珠宝。 每个村庄有两位首领。村首领处理土地纠纷和宗教事务。战争首领在偶尔与邻近村庄爆发的冲突中带领男性作战，并指导男性进行社区建设项目。阿纳萨齐人凝聚力的政治和社会组织使得其他群体几乎不可能征服他们。
