46.Those societies came out of the war with levels of enrollment that had been roughly constant an 3%-5% of the relevant age groups during the decades before the war.

【词汇积累】

enrollment n. 入学率；注册人数

roughly adv. 大约；粗略地

constant adj. 稳定的；恒定的

relevant adj. 相关的

decades n. 数十年；年代

【结构分析】

主句：Those societies came out of the war

伴随状语：with levels of enrollment

定语从句：that had been roughly constant at 3-5%...before the war（修饰 levels of enrollment）

【参考译文】这些社会从战争中走出来，当时的入学情况和战前几十年的情况处于相同水平，一直维持在适龄人群的3%-5%左右。

47.And the demandthatrose in those societies of entry to higher education extendedto groups and social classes thathad not thought of attending a university before the war.

【词汇积累】

entry n. 进入；准入

extend to 延伸至；波及

【结构分析】

主句：And the demand extended to groups and social classes

定语从句1：that rose in those societies for entry to higher education（修饰 demand）

定语从句2：that had not thought of attending a university before the war（修饰 groups and social classes）

【参考译文】

并且，在那些社会中增加的上大学的需求延伸到了各个群体和社会阶层，他们在战争前还没有想过上大学。

48.In many countries of western Europe, the numbers of student in higher education doubled within five-years periods during the 1960s anddouble again in seven eight or 10 years by the middle of 1970s.

【词汇积累】

double v. 翻倍；增至两倍

【结构分析】

状语：in many countries of Western Europe

主句：the numbers of students...doubled...and doubled again...

时间状语：within five-year periods /during the 1960s /by the middle of the 1970s

【参考译文】

在许多西欧国家，大学学生的数量在二十世纪六十年代的五年里翻倍了，并且，在到二十世纪七十年代中期的七八或十年的时间里又翻倍了。

49.and when the new staff are predominantly young men and women fresh from past graduate study，they largely define the norms of academic life in that faculty .

【词汇积累】

predominantly adv. 主要地；绝大多数地

postgraduate n./adj. 研究生；研究生的

largely adv. 在很大程度上；主要地

norm n. 规范；准则

academic adj. 学术的

faculty n. 学院；院系；全体教职员工

【结构分析】

时间状语从句：when the new staff are predominantly...postgraduate study

主句：they largely define the norms of academic life in that faculty

后置定语：fresh from postgraduate study（修饰 young men and women）

【参考译文】

当新的员工是刚完成研究生阶段学习的男女青年时，他们很大程度上决定了该学院学术生活的标准。

50.High growth rates increased the chances for academic innovation ，they also weakened the forms and processby which teachers and students are admitted into a community of scholars during periods of stability or slow growth .

【词汇积累】

innovation n. 创新；革新

weaken v. 削弱；弱化

admit into 准入；接纳进入

scholar n. 学者

stability n. 稳定；稳定性

【结构分析】

并列句分句1：High growth rates increased the chances for academic innovation

并列句分句2：they also weakened the forms and processes

定语从句：by which teachers and students are admitted...slow growth（修饰 forms and processes）

时间状语：during periods of stability or slow growth

【参考译文】

高增长率增加了学术创新的可能性(0.5分)，同样也弱化了形式和过程(0.5分)——在稳定或缓慢增长期，教师或学生通过这些形式和过程进入学者团体(1分)。