1｜CATTI二级笔译实务真题 ｜ 2025年6月
英译汉1
Every October sees the award of the"scientific Oscars": Nobel prizes. The science prizes established in Alfred Nobel's will are for physics, chemistry and "physiology or medicine". These three subjects are interpreted broadly, and their purview has shifted over time. But the prizes nonetheless still exclude huge tracts of science. Famously, mathematics has never been included. The environmental sciences -oceans and ecology- aren't covered, nor are computer science, robotics and artificial intelligence. These exclusions distort the public perception of which sciences are important.
Outsiders might guess that in science, the choice of winners in each field should be as clear-cut as in sporting contests, unlike the obviously more subjective prizes for literature and peace. But that's not the reality. In the same years the awards trigger controversy and resentment. Since Nobel scientists generally aren't well- known personalities, and their achievements are often arcane, debate on their worthiness takes place within the specialist community, and only rarely percolates widely. What the public sees is simply the grandeur of the award announcements each year.
Also, the process of awarding the prizes has limitations that clash with the realities of scientific research. It's easy to agree on what scientific advances are important, but it's not so easy to apportion credit. An artist's creations are ephemeral but generally "individual". If they hadn't created a particular artwork, nobody else would have done so. But in many cases in science, if one researcher didn't make a specific advance, then sooner or later (and usually)another researcher would have.
The public perceives Nobel winners as "towering intellects." Some are, but others, even among those who have made undeniably epochal and "prize-worthy"advances, would not be so rated by their peers. Indeed, some of the most important discoveries have been serendipitous: for instance, neutron stars, and the cosmic microwave background-the so-called“afterglow of creation”. Louis Pasteur(路易·巴斯德) argued that "fortune favors the prepared mind"; these scientists may claim for themselves greater luck-but not greater talent-than the average professor.
We need more and better ways of encouraging discovery and innovation. One possible route is"challenge prizes", which don't reward past success but incentivise future efforts to tackle an important problem. There have been prizes for sub-orbital space flight, driverless cars, robots that operate in hazardous environments and so forth. As compared with usual forms of funding, these prizes encourage maverick thinking, and they can also enhance public interest. Let's hope that some philanthropists will establish these, at least as a supplement to traditional prizes.
英译汉2
Anyone who has learned a second language will have made an exhilarating (and yet somehow unsettling) discovery: there is never a one- to one correspondence in meaning between the words and phrases of one language and another. Even the most basic expressions have a slightly different sense, issuing from a network of attitudes and ideas unique to each language. Switching between languages we may feel as if we are stepping from one world into another. Each language seems to compel us to talk in certain way and to see things from a particular perspective. But is this just an illusion? Does each language really embody a different world worldview, or even dictate specific patterns of thought to its speakers?
In the modern academic context, such questions are usually treated under the rubrics of "linguistic relativity" or the "Sapir - Whorf （萨丕尔-沃尔夫） hypothesis". Contemporary research is focused on pinning down these questions, or trying to formulate them in rigorous terms that can be tested empirically. But there is currently no consensus concerning connections between language, mind and worldview. The hypothesis has a long history, spanning several intellectual epochs, each with their own preoccupations. Running through this history is a recurring skepticism surrounding linguistic relativity, engendered not only by the difficulties of pinning it down, but by a deep seated ambivalence about the assumptions and implications of relativist doctrines.
There is quite a bit at stake in entertaining the possibility of relativistic doctrines. It impinges directly on our understanding of the nature of human language. A long held assumption in Western philosophy, classically formulated in the work of Aristotle, maintains that words are mere labels we apply to existing ideas in order to share those ideas with others. But linguistic relativity makes language an active force in shaping our thoughts.
Furthermore, if we permit fundamental variation between languages and their presumably entangled worldviews, we are confronted with difficult questions about the constitution of our common humanity. Could it be that there are unbridgeable gulfs in thinking and perception between groups of people speaking differentlanguages?
The roots of our present ideas about linguistic relativity extend at least as far back as the Enlightenment of the late 17th to the 18th century. Enlightenment discussions were often couched in terms of the "genius"of a language, an expression first coined in French. The genius of a language was understood as representing its distinct character, the Je ne Sais quoi （难以言表的特质） that constitutes the idiomatic in each idiom. This unique character was frequently taken to embody something of the national mentality of the speakers of a language.
汉译英1
以“共享开放机遇，共创美好生活”为主题的第四届中国国际消费品博览会（以下简称“消博会”）在海南举办，集聚71个国家和地区超4000个消费品牌，为消费市场注入新活力。
消博会聚焦全球“新、奇、特”消费精品，有利于激发消费潜能、扩大国内需求，进一步满足消费者对美好生活的需求。同时，运用自贸港税收优惠、通关便利等政策，打造开放共享、深化合作的大平 台。
消博会连续四年成功举办，将“买全球+卖全球”的桥梁越做越大，为中国以及世界经济增长注入新动能。消博会以及成为世界共享中国开放机遇、开展经贸国际合作的重要平台，进一步坚定各方对中国持续扩大高水平对外开放的信心。
汉译英2
在全民环保意识日益提高、国家加快释放绿色节能消费潜力的当下，废旧家电回收利用再次受到关注。它既有助于绿色低碳循环发展，又事关家电更新消费和居民生活实际。
2024年3月，国务院印发《推动大规模设备更新和消费品以旧换新行动方案》，要求到2027年废旧家电回收量比2023年增长30％。为实现这一目标，需要提高全社会对废旧家电回收利用的知晓度、认同度和参与度.
不少居民并不了解废旧家电可带来能源损耗和污染危害，有必要开展宣传和教育活动，深化政策宣讲和行为引导，提高公众的节能环保意识，增强其回收主动性。
废旧家电回收利用，是推进“无废城市”建设的一个重要组成部分。拟从三方面着手。第一，加快完善废旧家电回收处理体系，建立绿色回收模式。第二，健全家电生产、销售和废旧家电回收、拆解、利用全产业链条。第三，搭建回收对接平台，促进生态保护和资源循环再利用。
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2｜CATTI二级笔译实务真题 ｜ 2024年6月
英译中1
Mortgage rates dropped again this week, after plunging nearly half a percentage point last week. The 30- year fixed-rate mortgage averaged 6.58 percent in the week ending November 23, down from 6.61 percent the week before. A year ago, the 30-year fixed rate was 3.10 percent. Mortgage rates rose throughout most of 2022, spurred by the Federal Reserve's unprecedented campaign of hiking interest rates in order to tame soaring inflation. But last week, rates tumbled aimed reports that indicated inflation may have finally reached its peak.
This volatility is making it difficult for potential home buyers to know, when to get into the market, and that is reflected in the latest data which shows existing home sales slowing across all price points. Mortgage rates tend to track the yield on 10-year US Treasury bonds. As investors see or anticipate rate hikes, they make moves which send yields higher and mortgage rates rise. The 10-year Treasury has been hovering in a lower range of 3.7 percent to 3.85 percent. That has led to a big reset in investor's expectations about future interest rate hikes. Prior to that, the 10-year Treasury had risen above 4.2 percent. However, the market maybe be a bit too quick to celebrate the improvement in inflation.
At the Fed's November meeting, chairman Jerome Powell pointed to the need for ongoing rate hikes to tame inflation. This could mean that mortgage rates may climb again, and that risk goes up if next month's inflation reading comes in on the higher side. While it's difficult to time the market in order to get a low mortgage rate, plenty of would-be home buyers are seeing a window of opportunity. Following generally higher mortgage rates throughout the course of 2022, the recent swing in buyers' favor is welcome and could save the buyer of a median-priced home more than US$100 per month relative to what they would have paid when rates were above 7 percent just two weeks ago.
As a result of the drop in mortgage rates, both purchase and refinance applications picked up slightly last week. But refinance activity is still more than 80 percent below last year's pace when rates were around 3. However, with week-to-week swings in mortgage rates averaging nearly three times those seen in a typical year and home prices still historically high, many potential shoppers have pulled back. A long-term housing shortage is keeping home prices high, even as the number of homes on the market for sales has increased, and buyers and sellers may find it more challenging align expectations on price.
英译中2
I am always amazed when I hear people saying that sport creates good will between the nations, and that if only the common people of the world could meet one another at football or cricket, they would have no inclination to meet on the battlefield. Even if one didn't know from concrete examples that international sporting contests lead to orgies of hatred, one could deduce it from general principles.
Nearly all sports nowadays are competitive. You play to win, and the game has little meaning unless you do your utmost to win. On the village green, where you play and no feeling of local patriotism is involved, it is possible to play simply for fun and exercise; but as soon as the question of prestige arises, as soon as fell that you and same larger unit will be disgraced if you lose, the most savage combative instincts are aroused. Anyone who has played even in a school football match knows this.
At the international level sport is frankly mimic warfare. But the significant thing is not the behavior of the players but the attitude of the spectators; and behind the spectators, of the nations who work themselves into furies over these absurd contests, and seriously believe, at any rate for short periods, that running, jumping and kicking a ball are tests of national virtue.
As soon as strong feelings of rivalry are aroused, the notion of playing the game according to the rules always vanishes. People want to see the one side on top and the other side humiliated and they forget that victory gained through cheating or through intervention of the crowd is meaningless. Even when the spectators don't intervene physically they try to influence the game by cheering their own side and rattling opposing players with boos and insults. Serious sport has nothing to do with fair play. It is bound up with hatred, jealousy, boastfulness, disregard of all rules and sadistic pleasure in witnessing violence; in other words, it is war minus the shooting.
I do not, of course, suggest that sport is one of the main causes of international rivalry; big-scale sport is itself, I think, merely another effect of the causes that have produced nationalism. Still, you do make things worse by sending forth a team of eleven men, labeled as national champions, to do battle against some rival team, and allowing it to be felt on all sides that whichever nation is defeated will "lose face". There are quite enough real cause of trouble already, and we need not add to them by encouraging young men to kick each other on the shins amid the roars of infuriated spectators.
中译英1
2020年12月2日，教育部回应了全国人大代表提出的预防未成年人犯罪的建议。
教育部表示，随着我国经济社会的迅速发展，未成年人犯罪出现了低年龄、低学历的趋势。教育部非常重视预防未成年人犯罪的问题，将加强与有关部门协同配合、综合施策、共同发力，切实提高预防未成年人犯罪工作的针对性、实效性。具体措施如下：一是积极推动有关法律法规的修订工作，为预防未成年人犯罪工作提供有利的法制保障。二是持续开展法治教育，倡导各地强化品德修养和校规校纪教育，引导学生形成规则意识和法治观念。三是有效发挥好家校协同作用，编制家庭教育指导手册，帮助家长树立科学的教育观念，营造良好的家庭教育环境。四是为未成年人成长营造健康的网络环境。五是加大教育惩戒力度，对施行欺凌和暴力的中小学生必须依法依规采取适当的矫治措施予以教育惩戒。
中译英2
人类未来的命运在很大程度上取决于自然而不是人类自己。因此，要从根本上解决环境危机，就要改变那种人与自然对立的态度，纠正以人为中心的观念，树立人与自然统一的整体观，尊重、敬畏自然，与自然建立和谐共生的关系。
“天人合一”的思想是尊重和敬畏自然的思想。因为它把包括人在内的整个自然界作为统一的生命系统。我们要吸取中国古人“天人合一”的智慧，明了人与自然为生命共同体，对天地万物常怀感激感恩之情，尊重自然，顺应自然，保护自然。
中国著名政治家管子认为，人类与自然界保持协调，就会产生天地之美。今天我们要“生”出天地之美，就必须是绿色发展的现代化之路，即人与自然和谐共生之路。
在对待自然方面，我们要做的调整很多。一是要调整对自然的态度，尊重和爱护自然，把自然当朋友。二是要调整经济发展方式，放弃消耗自然资源为主的发展模式，多发展低能耗、低物耗、节能、环保产业。三是要调整生活方式，引导人们抑制物欲，倡导简约、低碳的生活方式，防止奢侈浪费和不合理消费。
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3｜CATTI二级笔译实务真题 ｜ 2023年
英译汉1
Gender equality is not only a fundamental human right, but a necessary foundation for a peaceful, prosperous and sustainable world. Providing women with equal access to education, health care, decent work, and representation in political and economic decision-making processes will fuel sustainable economies and benefit societies and humanity at large. Therefore, gender equality and women's empowerment are one of the overarching priorities of UNESCO. This is a strategy for making women's concerns and experiences an integral dimension of the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies and programmes in all political, economic and societal spheres so that women and men benefit equally. The ultimate goal is to achieve gender equality.
Increasing attention is being placed on gender equality issues buoyed by several legal and normative instruments. Chief among these are the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women and the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action. The latter emphasizes the key role of the media to promote gender equality in all spheres. All parties are called to join forces to combat"stereotyping of women and inequality in women's access to and participation in the media". UNESCO's commitment and strategy to this end is pursued through a two-fold approach: (i)launching specific project and (ii) taking gender-focused actions in all of UNESCO's fields work.
UNESCO's Communication and Information Sector has fully embraced this commitment and has engaged globally in a wide range of gender-specific initiatives across its divisions and main actions. Equality between women and men working in media, and equality in news reporting on women and men are of equal importance and are being stridently pursued. In cooperation with the International Federation of Journalists and many other partners, UNESCO has adopted this global framework of Gender-Sensitive Indicators for the Media (GSIM). These indicators have been developed to enable effective assessment of related development in the media.
In order to further enrich the GSIM resource, and as a fundamental step for its completion, a second round of consultation was carried out online with UNESCO media partners globally. Broadcasting and print association representatives contributed comments, suggestions and insights to further enhance the document. The consultation with these associations was essential because it enabled UNESCO to embed into the GSIM the views of these key partners. This enables us to stress that the use of the GSIM is not an attempt to limit freedom of expression and the independence of the media, but to voluntarily enrich these underlying characteristics. UNESCO is confident that, if fully implemented, the GSIM will produce an impact in both qualitative and quantitative terms.
英译汉2
When rainfall is measured in feet, not inches, we are witnessing the climate change bearing down on us. Catastrophic destruction tied to the Atlantic hurricane season, monsoon rains in Mumbai, and downpours in Niger are just a few of the many extreme weather events that are being intensified by global warming. While the rise of a few degrees in temperature may not be enough for a person to run a fever, that change is enough to radically impact the earth' s climate. By the way of comparison, the earth was once rendered largely uninhabitable by a one-to two-degree Celsius drop in temperature an era now referred to as the Little Ice Age. In response to the threat posed by global climate change, most nations have committed to significant mitigation efforts, through the Paris Agreement, to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
But will these collective efforts be enough? Some scientists are trying another approach, exploring new tools to deliberately alter the global climate system. These discrete and diverse technologies are often grouped under the all-encompassing and poorly defined rubric of "climate engineering” or “geo-engineering”. These radically different approaches aim to either halt the process of global warming by removing greenhouse gases from the atmosphere or to counteract warming already under way.
The problems is, while several tools seem to be gaining ground in computer models, laboratories, and even real-world experiments, public discussion has not kept pace with their advancement. To date, there has been too little transparency and international dialogue around the progress, feasibility, risks and benefits of these efforts. Climate engineering and current mitigation and adaptation efforts are not mutually exclusive. Experts generally agree that these new technological approaches alone are unlikely to provide adequate protection from the dangers posed by rising global temperatures.
In 1965, the Science Advisory Committee raised concerns about manmade climate change and warned that "man is unwittingly conducting a vast geophysical experiment. More than 50 years later, the field of climate engineering remains largely unknown, especially to policy-makers and the public. There are real risks to using or rejecting climate engineering. While it is tempting to be for or against climate engineering, what decision makers need to do now is to gather scientific facts and ask as many questions as possible about what the deployment of these technologies might mean for individuals, societies, nations and regions.
汉译英1
“琴心”和“小核桃”是两个出生在2016年的“萌妹子”。在卧龙国家级自然保护区（National Nature Reserve）进行了两年的野化培训后，2018年12月27日，它们在龙溪—虹口国家级自然保护区被放归。当时两只熊猫接受了体检，它们的生长发育和各项生理指标 均正常。
两只大熊猫放归后，科研人员组成的监测小组立即着手对它们进行跟踪监测。天线电监测、GPS数据下载及分析、大熊猫粪便样品采集、生存环境调查、红外相机监测等多种设备和手段的应用，让监测队员可以随时掌握两只熊猫的动向。通过收集相关数据，开展野外研究，监测人员希望了解两个小家伙能否逐步适应新的野外环境，融入野生大熊猫种群。
“我们保护区位于大熊猫分布区的中段，其显著特点是直接联系着岷山山系和邛崃（Qionglai）山系两个最大的大熊猫野生种群栖息地。”保护区虹口站站长刘波表示，“这里是野生大熊猫生存、繁衍以及圈养（captive-bred）大熊猫放归的天然走廊。”
汉译英2
污染防治攻坚战是全面建成小康社会决胜阶段的三大攻坚战之一。目标是到2020年生态环境质量总体改善，主要污染物排放总量大幅减少，环境风险得到有效管控。
生态环境问题，本质上是高资源消耗、高污染排放的经济发展方式造成的。所以我们必须提高资源开发利用效率，减少资源消耗，并将生态文明（ecological conservation）的要求融入到经济建设中，加快形成节约资源和保护环境的产业结构、生产方式、生活方式，给自然生态留下休养生息的时间和空间。我们要加快建立健全五大生态文明体系，即生态文化体系、生态经济体系、目标责任体系、生态文明制度体系和生态安全体系等。这些体系的建立有助于我们从根本上解决生态环境问题。
我们要树立良好的生态环境是最大的民生福祉这一基本民生观。坚持生态为民，重点解决损害群众健康的突出环境问题。从打赢蓝天保卫战到水污染防治、土壤污染防治、农村人居环境整治、城市污水治理。还自然以宁静、和谐、美丽，不断满足人民日益增长的对美好环境的要求。
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