2025年12月大学英语四级真题阅读理解（第一套）长篇阅读真题、答案速查、参考译文、答案解析、解题技巧
【真题】
Part III Reading Comprehension
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
说明：本部分共有10个句子（36–45题），每个句子对应文中某一段落的信息。请找出与每题信息匹配的段落，并将对应字母填在答题卡上。注意：一个段落可能被选多次。
The battle over bike lanes needs a mindset shift
A) Five years ago, the city of Queens, New York, announced that it would be putting bike lanes onto a stretch of Skillman Ave—and removing 116 parking spots. Cyclists loved the plan, but local business owners got very angry. Taking out those parking spots, as they argued at protests and in letters to the city council, would ruin stores and restaurants along Skillman. “Parking here is already a nightmare,”one shouted at a protest rally.
B) But the bike lanes were a done deal, and soon they were in place. Early this year, Jesse Coburn—an investigative writer with Streetsblog New York—wondered whether those predictions of economic collapse came true. So he asked the city’s Department of Finance to give him a few years’worth of sales figures for that stretch of Skillman Ave. How had the businesses on that street fared?
C) Quite well, it turns out. In the year after the bike lanes arrived, businesses on Skillman saw sales rise by 12 percent, compared to 3 percent for Queens in general. What’s more, that section of road saw new businesses open, while Queens overall had a net loss.
D) The thing is, the actual merchants along Skillman? They didn’t believe it. When Coburn spoke to them and described what he’d found, only a few store owners admitted the lanes had helped. Many still insisted the lanes were killing their part of the city. And emotions ran hot: Someone scattered tacks (大头钉) on the bike lane.
E) This little story turns out to be a fascinating glimpse at the challenges cities face as they try to update their urban infrastructure—to clean up the air, reduce greenhouse emissions, and speed up travel by making towns more bike-friendly. There’s a rising amount of data showing that installing bike lanes and making streets more pedestrian-friendly boosts the economic fortunes of a place. Removing cars and parking spots works. But the folks who run local businesses simply aren’t convinced, even when their own street performs. Given that sort of mess, can political fights over bike lanes ever end?
F) In 2013, researchers at New York City’s Department of Transportation studied seven stretches of road that had installed bike lanes or created pedestrian-friendly areas. The city analyzed the data for businesses along those routes and found that by the third year, sales grew faster on five of the streets than in the district overall, on average—up to five times faster, in fact.
G) Beyond New York, a survey of research from 23 cities found that bike lanes and pedestrian-friendly design didn’t hurt local retail and food stores. (“Fears of disastrous consequences for local businesses are unfounded,”the researchers concluded.) More recent work has shown roughly the same.
H) The truth is that in fairly dense areas, bikes are more efficient at moving people around. You might lose one car driver’s business—but you gain shoppers who now can arrive more easily on bikes. “Cyclists and pedestrians are consumers too,”notes Professor Susan Handy. Plus, streets redesigned for bikes and pedestrians tend to become more pleasant places to hang around, so “in a lot of cases, that’s created much nicer environments that are really good for those businesses.”
I) Mom-and-pop shops are usually pretty quick at recognizing situations that will help their bottom lines. So why the blind spot here? Perhaps it’s that attention focuses on horror stories—and some merchants do get hit when bike lanes come in.
J) I spoke to Cindy Hughes, a hairdresser (理发师) in Cambridge, Massachusetts. She said business fell by at least 40 percent when the city removed nearby parking to put in a bike lane. The majority of her customers drive, with many coming from nearby towns. Only a very few have shifted to cycling, and even those almost certainly won’t cycle in Boston’s snowy winters. So while Hughes supports bike lanes— “cyclists deserve to be safe”—she sees the parking loss as an existential risk. “Look, 90 percent of my customers drive,”she told me. “For our business, the bike lanes are way worse than Covid was.”
K) For others, the pushback is cultural, says Henry Grabar, a writer for the Slate Magazine. Small business owners are frequently drivers who commute from other parts of the city by car, Grabar points out. They’re also often longtime locals. “They tend to be people with deep roots in the city, who have hung around since before the neighborhood became what it is today,”he adds. Driving around town in a car is so normal to them that cycling seems weird and unusual—despite its boost from Covid, when bike sales exploded by 75 percent.
L) Psychology beats all! Who knew, right? The fierce divide between store owners and bike-lane advocates seems similar to our larger culture wars over climate change. If we’ve learned anything about culture wars, it’s that data isn’t much good at changing minds.
M) When Janette Sadik-Khan was the head of New York City’s Transportation Department back in the early 2000s, she oversaw a rollout (推出) of bike lanes—and got angry blowback from residents and business owners who claimed there weren’t enough cyclists to justify installing lanes. Now, she notes ironically, the lanes are so full of activity that opponents have turned to claiming the problem is the opposite: There are too many cyclists getting in the way of cars.
N) Maybe bike lanes will always be charged with emotion, until enough of the public is finally concerned about climate change—and it seems reckless (鲁莽的) to not have them.
O) Crises, after all, have a way of opening people’s eyes to possibilities. During Covid, restaurants and cafés lost so much business that cities nationwide began allowing them to build curbside seating areas where people could sit, safely, in the open air. It greatly reduced parking—but because, well, shop owners didn’t see any way around it. Customers loved the outdoor seating so much that cities are making it permanent: A New York City study of several streets closed during Covid found storeowners making more than before, and diners enjoying the outdoor lifestyle. If data won’t change minds, customers might.
36. An increasing amount of data indicates that installing bike lanes raises local business revenues.
37. According to a magazine writer, some small business owners’resistance to bike lanes arises from cultural factors.
38. A stretch of Skillman Ave witnessed not only a big increase in sales but also the opening of new businesses.
39. When people have no way out in crises, they are more likely to embrace changes.
40. According to one survey, city design with bike lanes and pedestrian space did not negatively impact local businesses.
41. Despite increased business activity on Skillman Ave, many store owners insisted the bike lanes were destroying their area.
42. In a war of culture, data does not help much in changing people’s minds.
43. A businesswoman said her business dropped sharply when parking space gave way to a bike lane, because most of her customers came by car.
44. Local business owners on Skillman Ave argued that their businesses would be ruined when parking spots were replaced by bike lanes.
45. People may find it more pleasant to wander around streets redesigned for cycling and walking.
【答案速查】
36-40. EKCOG
41-45. DLJAH
【参考译文】
自行车道之争需要转变思维模式
A) 五年前，美国纽约皇后区宣布将在斯基尔曼大道的一段路上增设自行车道——并移除116个停车位。骑行者对这一计划表示欢迎，但当地商家却极为不满。他们在抗议活动和致市议会的信中辩称，取消这些停车位会毁掉斯基尔曼大道沿线的商店和餐馆。“这里的停车问题已经够糟了，”一名商家在抗议集会上喊道。
B) 但增设自行车道的计划已成定局，不久后便正式落地。今年早些时候，“纽约街道博客”网站的调查记者杰西·科本想知道，当初那些关于经济崩溃的预言是否真的应验了。于是，他向市财政局申请获取斯基尔曼大道那段路近几年的销售数据。那条街上的商家经营得究竟如何？
C) 结果表明，情况相当不错。自行车道建成后的那一年，斯基尔曼大道上的商家销售额增长了12%，而整个皇后区的平均增长率仅为3%。更重要的是，该路段还新开了几家商铺，而皇后区整体则呈现商铺净减少的趋势。
D) 问题是，斯基尔曼大道上的那些商户们怎么看？他们根本不信这些数据。科本与他们交流并展示自己的调查结果时，只有少数店主承认自行车道对生意有所帮助。许多人仍坚称，自行车道正在毁掉他们所在的社区。情绪愈演愈烈——甚至有人在自行车道上撒了大头钉。
E) 这个小故事生动地折射出城市在更新基础设施时所面临的挑战——无论是为了净化空气、减少温室气体排放，还是通过建设自行车友好型城市来提高通行效率。越来越多的数据显示，设置自行车道、让街道更适宜步行，能够促进一个地区的经济发展。减少汽车和停车位确实有效。然而，即便自己所在街道的数据表现亮眼，当地商家仍然不为所动。面对这种僵局，围绕自行车道的政治纷争能否真正平息？
F) 2013年，纽约市交通局的研究人员对七条已经设置自行车道或改造成步行友好区域的街道进行了研究。市政府分析了这些路段沿线商户的数据，发现到第三年时，其中五段街道的商户销售额增速已超越所在区域的整体平均水平——事实上，增速最高可达五倍。
G) 在纽约之外，一项涵盖23个城市的调研发现，自行车道和步行友好型设计并未损害当地零售和餐饮业的利益。（研究人员总结道：“对当地商业将遭受灾难性影响的担忧是毫无根据的。”）近期更多研究也得出了大致相同的结论。
H) 事实上，在人口较为密集的区域，自行车是更高效的出行工具。你可能会失去一位开车前来的顾客，但也能吸引更多骑行而来的顾客，因为他们现在可以更轻松地到达店铺。“骑自行车的人和步行的人也是消费者，”苏珊·汉迪教授指出。更重要的是，为骑行和步行重新设计的街道往往变得更加宜人，适合人们在此休闲，因此“在很多情况下，这种改造创造了更优质的环境，对那些商户非常有利。”
I) 夫妻店通常对能提升盈利的商业机会嗅觉敏锐。那么，为什么在这一问题上却存在认知盲点？或许是因为人们的注意力都集中在了那些令人担忧的案例上——确实有一些商家在自行车道建成后遭受了损失。
J) 我采访了马萨诸塞州剑桥市的理发师辛迪·休斯。她表示，当市政府取消附近停车位以修建自行车道后，她的生意至少下滑了40%。她的顾客大部分都是开车来的，其中许多人来自周边城镇。只有极少数人转而骑自行车出行，而且这些人几乎不可能在波士顿多雪的冬天骑车。因此，尽管休斯支持修建自行车道——“骑行者也应该享有安全”——但她认为停车位的消失对她的生意构成了生存威胁。“你看，我90%的顾客都是开车来的，”她告诉我，“对我们来说，自行车道带来的影响比新冠疫情还要糟糕。”
K) 《石板》杂志撰稿人亨利·格拉巴表示，对另一些人而言，这种抵触是文化层面的。格拉巴指出，小商户经营者往往自己也是开车通勤的人，需要从城市的其他区域驾车前来店铺。他们通常也是在当地生活多年的老住户。“他们往往是那些在城市还未发展到如今面貌时就已经扎根于此的人，”格拉巴补充道。对他们来说，开车在城市中穿行是再平常不过的事，骑自行车反而显得怪异而不寻常——尽管疫情期间自行车销量一度暴涨75%，掀起了一股骑行热潮。
L) 归根结底，心理因素占了上风！谁能想到呢，对吧？店主与自行车道倡导者之间的激烈分歧，似乎类似于我们在气候变化问题上更广泛的文化大战。如果说我们从文化大战中学到了什么，那就是数据在改变人们观念方面作用甚微。
M) 21世纪初，珍妮特·萨迪克-汗担任纽约市交通局局长时，曾推动自行车道的建设，却遭到居民和商家的强烈反对。当时人们声称骑行者数量太少，根本不值得修建专用自行车道。如今，她不无讽刺地指出，这些自行车道已经车流如织，反对者又转而抱怨起了相反的问题：骑自行车的人太多，挡住了汽车的路。
N) 或许，自行车道始终会牵动人们的复杂情绪，直到足够多的公众真正开始重视气候变化问题——届时，不修建自行车道反而会显得是一种鲁莽的行为。
O) 毕竟，危机总能让人们看到各种可能性。新冠疫情期间，餐馆和咖啡馆生意惨淡，全美各城市开始允许商家在人行道旁设置露天就餐区，供人们安全地在户外用餐。这种做法虽然大幅挤占了停车位，但商家当时也别无选择。出乎意料的是，顾客对这种露天座位喜爱有加，以至于多个城市决定将其永久保留：纽约市对疫情期间封闭改造的几条街道进行调研后发现，店主的收入反而超过了疫情前的水平，食客们也享受着这种户外用餐的生活方式。如果说数据难以扭转人们的观念，那么消费者（的实际行动）或许可以做到。
【答案解析】
36.An increasing amount of data indicates that installing bike lanes raises local business revenues.
越来越多的数据表明，设置自行车道能提高当地商铺的收入。
答案：E
解析：定位E段第二句： “There’s a rising amount of data showing that installing bike lanes and making streets more pedestrian-friendly boosts the economic fortunes of a place.” 题干中“raises local business revenues”与原文“boosts the economic fortunes”为同义替换。
37.According to a magazine writer, some small business owners’resistance to bike lanes arises from cultural factors.
根据一位杂志撰稿人的说法，一些小型商户经营者对自行车道的抵制源于文化因素。
答案：K
解析：定位K段首句：“For others, the pushback is cultural, says Henry Grabar, a writer for the Slate Magazine.” 题干中“magazine writer”对应“writer for the Slate Magazine”，“resistance...arises from cultural factors”对应“pushback is cultural”。
38.A stretch of Skillman Ave witnessed not only a big increase in sales but also the opening of new businesses.
斯基尔曼大道的一段路不仅销售额大幅增长，而且有新商家开业。
答案：C
解析：定位C段：“businesses on Skillman saw sales rise by 12 percent...What’s more, that section of road saw new businesses open” 题干中“not only...but also...”对应原文的“What’s more”递进结构。
39.When people have no way out in crises, they are more likely to embrace changes.
当人们在危机中无路可退时，他们更可能接受改变。
答案：O
解析：定位O段：“Crises, after all, have a way of opening people’s eyes to possibilities. During Covid, restaurants and cafés lost so much business...shop owners didn’t see any way around it” 题干中“have no way out in crises”对应“didn’t see any way around it”，“embrace changes”概括了疫情期间商家被迫接受户外座位区的改变。
40.According to one survey, city design with bike lanes and pedestrian space did not negatively impact local businesses.
根据一项调查，配备自行车道和步行空间的城市设计并未对当地商户产生负面影响。
答案：G
解析：定位G段首句：“a survey of research from 23 cities found that bike lanes and pedestrian-friendly design didn’t hurt local retail and food stores” 题干中“did not negatively impact”对应“didn’t hurt”。
41.Despite increased business activity on Skillman Ave, many store owners insisted the bike lanes were destroying their area.
尽管斯基尔曼大道的商业活动有所增加，许多店主仍坚称自行车道正在破坏他们所在的区域。
答案：D
解析：定位D段：“only a few store owners admitted the lanes had helped. Many still insisted the lanes were killing their part of the city” 题干中“destroying their area”对应“killing their part of the city”。
42.In a war of culture, data does not help much in changing people’s minds.
在文化大战中，数据在改变人们想法方面帮助不大。
答案：L
解析：定位L段末句：“If we’ve learned anything about culture wars, it’s that data isn’t much good at changing minds” 题干是原文的同义转述。
43.A businesswoman said her business dropped sharply when parking space gave way to a bike lane, because most of her customers came by car.
一位女商人表示，当停车位被自行车道取代后，她的生意急剧下滑，因为她的顾客大多开车前来。
答案：J
解析：定位J段：女理发师Cindy Hughes称“business fell by at least 40 percent when the city removed nearby parking to put in a bike lane”且“90 percent of my customers drive”。题干中“dropped sharply”对应“fell by at least 40 percent”，“parking space gave way to a bike lane”对应“removed nearby parking to put in a bike lane”。
44.Local business owners on Skillman Ave argued that their businesses would be ruined when parking spots were replaced by bike lanes.
斯基尔曼大道的当地商家辩称，当停车位被自行车道取代时，他们的生意将会被毁掉。
答案：A
解析：定位A段：商家们“argued at protests...would ruin stores and restaurants along Skillman”题干中“argued that their businesses would be ruined”对应原文直接引语内容。
45.People may find it more pleasant to wander around streets redesigned for cycling and walking.
人们可能会发现，在为骑行和步行改造的街道上闲逛会更加惬意。
答案：H
解析：定位H段末句：“streets redesigned for bikes and pedestrians tend to become more pleasant places to hang around”题干中“wander around”对应“hang around”，“more pleasant”为原词复现。
【解题技巧】
1. 关键词定位法：注意题干中的专有名词（如Skillman Ave）、数字（如23 cities）、人名（如Henry Grabar）等，快速锁定原文位置。
2. 同义替换识别：正确答案往往是原文的同义改写，如“boosts economic fortunes”与“raises local business revenues”为同义替换。
3. 段落主旨匹配：先快速浏览各段首尾句，把握段落大意，再与题干进行匹配。
4. 注意转折词：如“but”“however”“despite”等，这些词前后往往包含重要信息对比。
