只讲考点、不搞复杂语法,看完就能做题。

一、什么是定语从句?
一句话:用来修饰名词/代词的句子,相当于一个“大形容词”。
结构:
先行词 + 关系词 + 从句
- 先行词:被修饰的名词/代词(人/物/地点/时间)
- 关系词:连接两个句子的词(that, which, who, whom, whose, where, when)
例句:
The girl who is standing there is my sister.
站在那儿的女孩是我妹妹。
先行词:the girl
关系词:who
从句:who is standing there
二、中考必考关系词(背会这张表就够)
1. 修饰“人”
- who:主语/宾语都可
- whom:只作宾语(口语常换 who)
- that:人/物通用
- whose:……的(表所属)
2. 修饰“物”
- which:物
- that:人/物通用
3. 修饰“地点/时间”
- where:地点(= in which)
- when:时间(= on which)
三、最简单判断方法(做题万能口诀)
1. 看人用 who/whom/that
2. 看物用 which/that
3. 谁的用 whose
4. 地点用 where
5. 时间用 when
四、中考高频考点(必背)
1. that 和 which 的区别(只考这 3 条)
只能用 that,不能用 which 的情况:
1. 先行词是不定代词:all, everything, nothing, something, anything
2. 先行词被最高级、序数词修饰
3. 先行词既有人又有物
例:
This is the best film that I have ever seen.
2. 介词提前时,只能用 which/whom,不能用 that
This is the room in which I live.
= This is the room where I live.
3. 非限制性定语从句(有逗号)
不能用 that,只能用 which/who
He has a dog, which is very cute.
五、典型中考例句
1. The man who/that helped me is my teacher.(人)
2. The book which/that I bought is interesting.(物)
3. This is the school where I studied.(地点)
4. I remember the day when we met.(时间)
5. The boy whose father is a doctor is my friend.(谁的)
六、做题三步法(超实用)
1. 找先行词:看修饰人还是物/地点/时间
2. 看从句缺什么:缺主语/宾语用 who/which/that;缺状语用 where/when
3. 看有没有逗号/最高级/不定代词,决定用不用 that
注:图片来自网络。