真题1:
Hypothesizing that lullabies, characterized by their slow tempos, are universally calming to infants, Constance M. Bainbridge and colleagues played a lullaby sung in the Scottish Gaelic language and a non-lullaby sung in the Seri language to a group of infants. The team found that the infants’ heart rates decreased more during the lullaby than during the non-lullaby. Since a decrease in heart rate is associated with relaxation, the team concluded that the lullaby relaxed the infants. Noting that reduced heart rate can also be associated with increased attention, one critic argues that instead, the lullaby simply attracted the infants’ attention. Bainbridge and colleagues also measured pupil size, as pupils typically become larger when a stimulus captures a person’s attention.
Which finding, if true, would most directly weaken critic's claim?
A. Blinking, which indicates attention, was equally frequent whether infants were listening to the song in Scottish Gaelic or song in Seri.
B. Neither the Scottish Gaelic language nor the melody of the traditional Scots lullaby was familiar to infants in the study.
C. The infants’ pupils were smaller when the infants were listening to lullabies than when they were listening to non-lullabies.
D. Parents of infants in the study chose the lullaby over the non-lullaby when asked which song they would use to calm their child.
翻译：
研究者假设慢节奏的摇篮曲对婴儿具有普遍的安抚作用。他们给婴儿播放一首苏格兰盖尔语的摇篮曲和一首塞里语的非摇篮曲，发现婴儿听摇篮曲时心率下降更多。由于心率下降通常与放松相关，研究者因此认为摇篮曲使婴儿放松。然而有批评者指出，心率下降也可能与注意力增加有关，因此婴儿可能只是因为摇篮曲而集中注意力。研究者还测量了瞳孔大小，因为注意力集中时瞳孔通常会变大。
问题：哪项发现最直接削弱批评者的观点？
解析：
批评者认为：婴儿心率下降并非因为放松，而是注意力集中。研究者通过测量瞳孔大小来判断注意力，因为瞳孔放大 → 注意力增加。
因此，如果发现婴儿听摇篮曲时瞳孔更小，说明注意力并没有增加，而心率下降确实可能是放松的结果，这直接削弱了批评者的假设。
选项分析：
A. Blinking, which indicates attention, was equally frequent whether infants were listening to the song in Scottish Gaelic or song in Seri.
错误。眨眼仅是间接指标，且平等频率不如瞳孔变化直接。
B. Neither the Scottish Gaelic language nor the melody of the traditional Scots lullaby was familiar to infants in the study.
错误。熟悉与否与是否注意集中或放松无直接联系。
C. The infants’ pupils were smaller when the infants were listening to lullabies than when they were listening to non-lullabies.
正确。瞳孔缩小 → 注意力没有增加 → 心率下降可归因于放松 → 直接削弱批评者观点。
D. Parents of infants in the study chose the lullaby over the non-lullaby when asked which song they would use to calm their child.
错误。家长偏好与婴儿实际注意力或生理反应无直接关联。
真题2:
Many believe that lullabies, characterized by their less steady beat, contain acoustic features that are universally calming to infants. In a study, Constance M. Bainbridge and colleagues played a lullaby in Western Nahuatl and a non-lullaby in Serbian to a group of infants. The researchers also measured the infants' heart rates, since a reduced heart rate is a sign of relaxation. They claim the lullaby relaxed the infants.
Which finding, if true, would most directly support Bainbridge and colleagues' claim?
A) Infants’ heart rates were more irregular during lullabies than non-lullabies.
B) Parents preferred the lullaby over the non-lullaby when asked which would calm their child.
C) Infants' heart rates were substantially lower during the lullaby than the non-lullaby.
D) Both songs were sung by a female singer.
翻译：
许多人认为，节奏较缓慢的摇篮曲具有某些声学特征，可以普遍安抚婴儿。在一项研究中，Constance M. Bainbridge及其同事给婴儿播放了一首西纳瓦特语摇篮曲和一首塞尔维亚语非摇篮曲，并测量婴儿的心率，因为心率下降是放松的标志。他们声称摇篮曲使婴儿放松。
问题：哪项发现如果为真，将最直接支持研究者的结论？
解析：
研究者的主张：摇篮曲让婴儿放松 → 表现为心率下降。
选项分析：
A) Infants’ heart rates were more irregular during lullabies than non-lullabies.
错误。心率不规则通常不是放松的标志，反而可能暗示紧张或兴奋，与研究假设相反。
B) Parents preferred the lullaby over the non-lullaby when asked which would calm their child.
错误。家长偏好是主观判断，不能直接说明婴儿实际生理放松。
C) Infants' heart rates were substantially lower during the lullaby than the non-lullaby.
正确。心率明显下降是放松的直接生理证据，最直接支持研究者的结论。
D) Both songs were sung by a female singer.
错误。歌手性别与婴儿心率变化无直接关系，不支持结论。
扫码获取SAT高频题合集
