初中英语语法是拉开分数的关键。很多同学单词背了不少，成绩却上不去，核心问题就出在语法没理清。今天，我们为你整理了初中阶段 7 大最高频、最核心的语法点，从时态到从句，详细拆解，建议收藏反复观看！

第一部分：时态家族 —— 英语句子的 “时间轴”

时态是英语的骨架，初中阶段必须掌握5 大核心时态，它们构成了我们表达时间的基础。

1、一般现在时 (Simple Present Tense)

• 核心用法：表示经常性、习惯性的动作，或客观存在的事实。

• 标志词：always, usually, often, sometimes, every day/week, on Sundays.

• 重难点：第三人称单数。当主语是 he, she, it 或单数名词时，动词需加 -s 或 -es。

• 例句：He goes to school by bike every day. (他每天骑车上学。)

• 易错点：不要忘记加 s！例如：She like apples. (❌) → She likes apples. (✅)

2、一般过去时 (Simple Past Tense)

• 核心用法：表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，动作已结束。

• 标志词：yesterday, last year, in 2020, ago, just now.

• 重难点：动词变过去式。规则变化加 - ed，不规则变化需特殊记忆（如 go→went, eat→ate, see→saw）。

• 例句：I watched a movie yesterday. (我昨天看了一场电影。)

3、一般将来时 (Simple Future Tense)

• 核心用法：表示将要发生的动作或状态。

• 两大结构：

• will + 动词原形 (通用，可用于所有人称)

• be going to + 动词原形 (强调计划、打算或有迹象表明即将发生)

• 例句：They will have a sports meeting next week. (他们下周要举办运动会。)

4、现在进行时 (Present Continuous Tense)

• 核心用法：表示此时此刻正在进行的动作，或现阶段正在进行的动作。

• 标志词：now, look, listen, at the moment.

• 结构：am /is/are + 动词 - ing 形式。

• 例句：Look! The birds are singing in the tree. (看！鸟儿正在树上唱歌。)

5、现在完成时 (Present Perfect Tense)

• 核心用法：表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或动作从过去开始持续到现在。

• 标志词：already, yet, ever, never, just, since (自从), for (持续了...).

• 结构：have /has + 动词过去分词。

• 例句：I have lived in Beijing for 5 years. (我已经在北京住了 5 年了。)

第二部分：被动语态 —— 动作的 “被动陈述”

当我们想强调动作的承受者，而不是动作的执行者时，就用被动语态。

• 核心结构：be + 动词过去分词 (done)

• 时态变化：be 动词随时态变化。

• 一般现在时：am /is/are + done

• 一般过去时：was /were + done

• 一般将来时：will be + done

• 例句：The classroom is cleaned every day. (教室每天都被打扫。)

• 易错点：被动语态的 be 动词不能省略，且要与主语的单复数保持一致。

第三部分：非谓语动词 —— 动词的 “分身”

一个句子中只能有一个谓语动词，出现第二个动词时，通常要变成非谓语形式。

三大核心形式：

1、to do (不定式)：常表目的、计划或未发生。

• 常用搭配：want to do, decide to do, hope to do, plan to do.

• 例句：He wants to buy a new book. (他想买一本新书。)

2、doing (动名词 / 现在分词)：常表主动、进行或作为主语 / 宾语。

• 常用搭配：like doing, enjoy doing, finish doing, be good at doing.

• 例句：I like swimming in summer. (我喜欢在夏天游泳。)

3、do (动词原形)：主要用于使役动词和感官动词后。

• 常用搭配：make sb. do, let sb. do, help sb. (to) do, see sb. do.

• 例句：She made me laugh. (她让我笑了。)

第四部分：宾语从句 —— 句子里的 “小句子”

当一个句子充当宾语时，就形成了宾语从句，是中考语法填空和写作的常客。

三要素（必记！）：

• 引导词：陈述句用 that；一般疑问句用 if/whether；特殊疑问句用 what, who, where 等。

• 语序：必须使用陈述语序（主语 + 谓语）。

• 错误：I don’t know where is he.

• 正确：I don’t know where he is.

• 时态：主句是现在时，从句时态不限；主句是过去时，从句须用相应的过去时态。

例句：He asked me if I liked English. (他问我是否喜欢英语。)

第五部分：状语从句 —— 句子的 “逻辑连接”

用来修饰整个句子或动词，表示时间、条件、原因、让步等逻辑关系。

时间 / 条件状语从句：主将从现

• 当主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来。

• 标志词：if (如果), when (当... 时), as soon as (一... 就), until (直到).

• 例句：If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home. (如果明天下雨，我们就待在家里。)

让步状语从句：although/though (虽然) 不能和 but (但是) 连用。

• 例句：Although he is old, he is still strong. (虽然他老了，但他依然强壮。)

第六部分：形容词与副词 —— 句子的 “修饰大师”

主要考查它们的比较级和最高级，用于不同程度的比较。

不规则变化：good/well → better → best; many/much → more → most.

第七部分：情态动词 —— 表达 “态度与推测”

用来表达说话人的语气、态度或能力。

• 核心动词：can (能), may (可以), must (必须), should (应该), need (需要).

• 两大易错点：

• must vs. have to：must 是主观认为 “必须”；have to 是客观情况 “不得不”。

• must 的否定回答：Must I...? → No, you needn't. (不必)，而不是 mustn't (禁止)。

• 例句：You should finish your homework first. (你应该先完成作业。)

第一部分：基础填空题

考点覆盖：时态变形、情态动词、非谓语动词、形容词副词比较级最高级、被动语态基础

用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空，每空不限填一词：

1. My mother often ________ (wash) clothes on weekends. (一般现在时)

2. They ________ (visit) the Great Wall last summer holiday. (一般过去时)

3. Look! The little girl ________ (dance) in the room. (现在进行时)

4. I ________ (finish) my homework already. (现在完成时)

5. He ________ (go) to Beijing tomorrow. (一般将来时)

6. Students ________ (ask) to wear school uniforms every day. (被动语态)

7. She wants ________ (be) a doctor when she grows up. (非谓语动词)

8. We enjoy ________ (listen) to English songs after class. (非谓语动词)

9. The boss made the workers ________ (work) 12 hours a day. (非谓语动词)

10. This book is ________ (interesting) than that one. (比较级)

11. Who is ________ (tall) in your class? (最高级)

12. ________ (not run) in the hallway. It’s dangerous. (祈使句)

13. I don’t know if he ________ (come) tomorrow. If he ________ (come), I will call you. (宾语从句+条件状语从句)

14. He ________ (can) swim when he was five years old. (情态动词)

15. The bridge ________ (build) three years ago. (被动语态)

16. She spends half an hour ________ (do) exercise every morning. (固定搭配)

17. It’s important for us ________ (learn) English well. (固定句型)

18. They ________ (have) a meeting at this time yesterday. (过去进行时)

19. My father told me that the sun ________ (rise) in the east. (宾语从句客观事实)

20. You ________ (must) finish the work today, you can do it tomorrow. (情态动词否定)

21. The movie is so ________ (move) that all of us cried. (形容词)

22. He runs as ________ (fast) as his brother. (原级比较)

23. We ________ (not see) each other since 2020. (现在完成时)

24. A new library ________ (build) in our school next year. (一般将来时被动)

25. Remember ________ (turn) off the lights when you leave the classroom. (非谓语动词)

26. He stopped ________ (talk) because the teacher came in. (非谓语动词)

27. She ________ (read) a novel while her mother was cooking. (过去进行时)

28. Would you mind ________ (open) the window? It’s too hot. (非谓语动词)

29. This is the ________ (good) movie I have ever seen. (最高级)

30. The old man ________ (live) here for more than twenty years. (现在完成时)

第二部分：单项选择题

考点覆盖：7大语法全题型、易错易混点、固定搭配、句式辨析

从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项：

1. — When ________ you ________ to Hainan? — Last month. A. do; go B. did; go C. will; go D. have; gone

2. My father ________ TV at 8 o’clock last night. A. watches B. is watching C. was watching D. watched

3. The flowers ________ by my sister every day. A. water B. watered C. are watered D. were watered

4. She decided ________ abroad for further study. A. go B. to go C. going D. went

5. I don’t know ________. A. where does he live B. where he lives C. where did he live D. where he lived

6. ________ you work, ________ grades you will get. A. The harder; the better B. Harder; better C. The hard; the good D. Hard; good

7. — Must I finish my homework now? — No, you ________. A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. can’t D. shouldn’t

8. He ________ in this school for ten years. A. works B. worked C. has worked D. will work

9. We will go camping if it ________ tomorrow. A. won’t rain B. didn’t rain C. doesn’t rain D. isn’t rain

10. The story is so funny that it makes us ________. A. laugh B. to laugh C. laughing D. laughed

11. — Have you ever been to Shanghai? — Yes, I ________ there last year. A. go B. went C. have been D. will go

12. This kind of car ________ in China. A. makes B. made C. is made D. will make

13. Could you tell me ________ the meeting will start? A. when B. what C. where D. who

14. He is too tired ________ on. A. walk B. to walk C. walking D. walked

15. Although he is young, ________ he knows a lot. A. but B. so C. / D. because

16. Which is ________, the elephant or the tiger? A. strong B. stronger C. strongest D. the strongest

17. They ________ a party next Sunday evening. A. have B. had C. will have D. have had

18. I saw him ________ basketball on the playground just now. A. play B. to play C. playing D. played

19. The book ________ by Lu Xun is very popular. A. write B. wrote C. written D. writing

20. — What are you going to do this weekend? — I ________ my grandparents. A. visit B. visited C. am going to visit D. have visited

21. She asked me ________ I could help her with English. A. if B. what C. which D. whose

22. We should avoid ________ mistakes in grammar. A. make B. to make C. making D. made

23. The film ________ for ten minutes when we got to the cinema. A. has been on B. had been on C. has started D. had started

24. — ________ do you go to the library? — Twice a week. A. How long B. How often C. How soon D. How far

25. You’d better ________ up late, it’s bad for your health. A. not stay B. not to stay C. don’t stay D. won’t stay

26. A new hospital ________ in our town next year. A. will build B. will be built C. is built D. was built

27. I don’t know if he ________ tomorrow. If he ________, I will tell you. A. will come; comes B. comes; will come C. will come; will come D. comes; comes

28. This is the best film I ________. A. see B. saw C. have seen D. will see

29. He kept ________ until the teacher came in. A. talk B. to talk C. talking D. talked

30. — Whose book is this? — It ________ be Mary’s, it has her name on it. A. can B. may C. must D. need

第三部分：句子改写题

考点覆盖：主动被动互换、同义句转换、时态改写、宾语从句改写、否定句/疑问句改写

按要求完成下列句子改写，每空限填一词：

1. He waters the flowers every day. (改为被动语态) The flowers ________ ________ by him every day.

2. They built a new bridge last year. (改为被动语态) A new bridge ________ ________ by them last year.

3. We will finish the work in two days. (改为被动语态) The work ________ ________ ________ by us in two days.

4. She can speak English well. (改为被动语态) English ________ ________ ________ well by her.

5. “I am a student,” she said. (改为宾语从句) She said that ________ ________ a student.

6. “Where do you live?” he asked me. (改为宾语从句) He asked me where ________ ________.

7. I don’t know. How can I get to the park? (合并为宾语从句) I don’t know how ________ ________ to the park.

8. Tom is 15 years old. Jim is 15 years old, too. (同义句转换) Tom is ________ old ________ Jim.

9. This box is heavier than that one. (同义句转换) That box is ________ ________ this one.

10. He went to bed after he finished his homework. (同义句转换) He ________ go to bed ________ he finished his homework.

11. She likes playing football. (改为否定句) She ________ ________ playing football.

12. They have seen the film already. (改为一般疑问句) ________ they ________ the film yet?

13. He bought a book yesterday. (对划线部分提问) ________ ________ he buy yesterday?

14. It takes me two hours to do my homework. (同义句转换) I ________ two hours ________ my homework.

15. He is too young to go to school. (同义句转换) He is ________ young ________ he can’t go to school.

16. We should clean the classroom every day. (被动语态) The classroom should ________ ________ every day.

17. “Will you go there with me?” she asked me. (宾语从句) She asked me ________ I ________ go there with her.

18. My brother is taller than any other student in his class. (同义句转换) My brother is ________ ________ student in his class.

19. They are watching TV now. (用at 8 pm yesterday改写) They ________ ________ TV at 8 pm yesterday.

20. You can’t bring food into the library. (同义句转换) Food ________ ________ ________ into the library.

一、基础填空题答案

1. washes

2. visited

3. is dancing

4. have finished

5. will go/is going to go

6. are asked

7. to be

8. listening

9. work

10. more interesting

11. the tallest

12. Don’t run

13. will come; comes

14. could

15. was built

16. doing

17. to learn

18. were having

19. rises

20. needn’t/don’t have to

21. moving

22. fast

23. haven’t seen

24. will be built

25. to turn

26. talking

27. was reading

28. opening

29. best

30. has lived

二、单项选择题答案

1. B

2. C

3. C

4. B

5. B

6. A

7. B

8. C

9. C

10. A

11. B

12. C

13. A

14. B

15. C

16. B

17. C

18. A

19. C

20. C

21. A

22. C

23. B

24. B

25. A

26. B

27. A

28. C

29. C

30. C

三、句子改写题答案

1. are watered

2. was built

3. will be finished

4. can be spoken

5. she was

6. I lived

7. to get

8. as; as

9. lighter than

10. didn’t; until

11. doesn’t like

12. Have; seen

13. What did

14. spend; doing

15. so; that

16. be cleaned

17. if/whether; would

18. the tallest

19. were watching

20. can’t be brought

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