考研
英语
【长难句每日打卡】day 50
2010-1-ReadingPartA-T1-3-1
文章主题：《报纸艺术评论的衰落》
We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared.
词汇：
1.unfocused newspaper n.“大杂烩式”的报纸
2.eve n.前夕
3.newsprint n.新闻用纸
4.dirt-cheap adj.非常低廉的、极便宜的
5.stylish adj.有风格的、有格调的
6.ornament n.装饰
7.be removed from sth 与某事物有距离或不同
【Step 1】找谓语
We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared.
·动词 are removed 被动语态+时态：一般现在时
·动词 was 时态：一般过去时
·动词 was considered 被动语态+时态：一般过去时
·动词 appeared 时态：一般过去时
【Step 2】断句
We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II, at a time [when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications <in which it appeared>].
解析：本句包含2个从句：一个when引导的定语从句；一个in which引导的定语从句。
when引导的定语从句：
...at a time [when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications <...>].
判断方法：1.位置：在表示时间的名词<time>后 <when=介词+先行词=at a time在从句中作时间状语>
in which引导的定语从句：
...the publications <in which it appeared>
判断方法：1.位置：在名词|代词后；2.指代功能：in which=in the publications在从句中作地点状语。
重点成分标注：
主语：在句首|谓语前
宾语：在动词|介词后
表语：在系动词后
主语：蓝色；谓语：红色；表语：绿色；宾语：紫色；宾补：深蓝
主句：
Weare even farther removedfrom the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II, at a time...
其中，
1.even farther——副词作状语修饰动词removed；
2.from the unfocused newspaper reviews——介宾结构作状语<介宾结构常作成分：1.作定语：在名词|代词后；2.作状语：在句首|句尾|主谓之间——显然，该介宾结构并不在名词|代词后，即为状语>。
3.published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II——非谓语短语作后置定语修饰名词reviews【判断方法：1.位置：在名词|代词后；2.代入翻译通顺即可<译为“...的”>】——<二十世纪初至二战前夕在英国出版的评论><published与reviews之间为被动关系>
在该结构中，in English为介宾结构作地点状语；between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II为介宾结构作时间状语
4.at a time——介宾结构作时间状语
when引导的定语从句：
...at a time [when newsprintwasdirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications <...>].
其中，
1.to the publications——介宾结构作定语【判断方法：1.位置：在名词|代词后；2.代入翻译通顺即可<即译为“...的”>】——“风格独特的艺术评论被看作是一种对于出版物的装饰”。
2.根据consider A as B 把A视为B——变为被动，即A be considered as B——注意：1.只要看到“v A as B”这样的结构，都可以译为“把A视为B”，相似的结构有“ regard| think of| view...A as B；2.在这种结构中，我们将“as B”视为“A”的宾补。
本句中，可以认为省略了“as”这个词。
in which引导的定语从句：
...the publications <in which itappeared>
【Step 3】翻译
We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II, at a time [when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications <in which it appeared>].
主句：
英文：We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews //published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II, at a time...
中文：我们甚至距离这种“大杂烩式的”报纸评论更遥远了，这种评论出版于二十世纪初至二战前夕的英国。那个时候，...
翻译解释：本句较长且复杂，这都是因为reviews的后置定语<published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II>太长了，因此，可考虑在此处断句，将其拆成两句话翻译，更易于理解，之后再根据句意进行改译即可。
改译：我们与二十世纪初至二战前夕英国的“大杂烩式”报纸评论就更是无缘了。那个时候，...
翻译解释：离某物更远了——即与其无缘了。
when引导的定语从句：
英文：...at a time [when newsprint was dirt-cheap //and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications <...>].
中文：...那个时候，新闻用纸极其便宜，风格独特的艺术批评被视为是一种对出版物的装饰。
翻译解释：1.定语从句词数 大于8个词，遂采取后置译法，即单独成句；2.由于从句较长，且其中是and连接的两个并列句，所以翻译时，利用标点将其断开，同时满足汉语喜用短句的特点。
改译：当时，新闻用纸廉价如土，人们把风格独特的艺术评论看作是一种对出版物的装饰。
翻译解释：本句涉及“被动的翻译”
注意⚠️：中英文在被动上的差异！
因此，此处采取的翻译方法是——添加泛指主语“人们”。
原因：在不知道动作的执行者是谁时，我们常常这样讲话，如“我的苹果被偷了｜有人偷了我的苹果”——即要么说成被动句，要么添加一个泛指主语，如“人们，我们，大家等”这样的表达。
in which引导的定语从句：
英文：...the publications <in which it appeared>
中文：在出版物中，它出现在里面<为方便理解句子，先后置翻译了一下>
改译：刊登它的出版物。
翻译解释：1.定语从句小于等于8个词，采取前置译法，即译为“...的”；2.根据句意，“它出现在这个出版物里”，其实就是“它刊登在上面了”，因此把appear译为“刊登”。
1.unfocused newspaper n.“大杂烩式”的报纸
2.eve n.前夕
3.newsprint n.新闻用纸
4.dirt-cheap adj.非常低廉的、极便宜的
5.stylish adj.有风格的、有格调的
6.ornament n.装饰
7.be removed from sth 与某事物有距离或不同
8.publication n.出版物
无
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