主谓一致
教育无他，唯爱与责任
高中英语语法中，主谓一致看似简单，却是语法填空、短文改错、写作中最容易丢分的考点。
就近原则、就远原则、集合名词、特殊结构……一不留神就写错。
就近原则、就远原则、集合名词、特殊结构……一不留神就写错。
📘 主谓一致核心3原则（考前必背）
1. 语法一致
单数主语→单数谓语；复数主语→复数谓语
2. 意义一致
主语表示整体用单数，表示成员用复数
3. 就近 / 就远原则
🔸 就近：there be, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also
🔸 就远：with, together with, as well as, except, but
1. 语法一致
单数主语→单数谓语；复数主语→复数谓语
2. 意义一致
主语表示整体用单数，表示成员用复数
3. 就近 / 就远原则
🔸 就近：there be, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also
🔸 就远：with, together with, as well as, except, but
1. 【2025新课标Ⅰ卷】The players’ personalities ________ (reveal) during the game, and one’s weaknesses are exposed to the opponent.
2. 【2025新课标Ⅱ卷】And in the process, I’ve experienced and learned things that really surprise me at times. One of them ________ (be) the “sunshine scent” of freshly sunned clothes.
3. 【2025浙江1月卷】Over the last two years, some supermarkets ________ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions.
4. 【2025九省联考卷】Fountain pens ________ (use) in schools long ago and have been regaining popularity lately because they are refillable.
5. 【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse ________ (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time.
6. 【2024全国甲卷】They ________ (be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there.
7. 【2024新课标Ⅱ卷】“Some of the things that Tang was writing about ________ (be) also Shakespeare’s concerns.”
8. 【2024新课标Ⅱ卷】Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, ________ (build) at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
9. 【2024北京卷】On April 5, 2024, John Tinniswood ________ (name) the world’s oldest living man.
10. 【2024北京卷】My heart went out to him, and I ________ (jog) over to him. As I handed him the glasses, he looked at me and said, “Thanks!”
11. 【2024浙江1月卷】However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes ________ (offer) in smaller packs. Even the biggest sausage fan doesn’t want to eat them every day.
12. 【2024浙江1月卷】If your supermarket sells loose produce, then buying smaller quantities is easier. Over the last two years, some supermarkets ________ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions.
13. 【2023年全国乙卷】Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I ________ (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new.
14. 【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】As a little girl, I ________ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up.
15. 【2023年全国甲卷】Carson proves that a simple literal form that has been passed down through the ages can still ________ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths.
16. 【2023年全国甲卷】I used to be afraid of insects, but last Friday’s biology class ________ (make) a big change in me.
17. 【2023年全国甲卷】In the evening, when I take a walk in the school garden, the singing of insects ________ (become) more meaningful to me.
18. 【2023年浙江1月卷】Citizens of higher social classes ________ (permit) to live closer to the center of the circles.
19. 【2023年浙江1月卷】The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often ________ (feature) beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars.
20. 【2023年北京卷】For these reasons, they are praised as “coastal guardians”. Up to now, China ________ (establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves.
21. 【2022新高考Ⅰ卷】The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ________ (be) previously unprotected. After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year.
22. 【2022新高考Ⅰ卷】The GPNP ________ (design) to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets for future generations”.
23. 【2022全国甲卷】In the last five years, Cao ________ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents.
24. 【2022全国乙卷】The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society ________ (address) the opening ceremony.
25. 【2022年浙江卷1月】Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane ________ (view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information.
26. 【2022年浙江卷1月】But Cobb and others ________ (be) now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely.
27. 【2022年浙江卷1月】Many of them climate scientists ________ (promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.
28. 【2022年新高考2卷】Henry ________ (fix) his car when he heard the screams.
29. 【2022年新高考2卷】He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. He quickly ________ (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out.
30. 【2022年北京卷】Eventually, the man ________ (catch) up with her, and he was only trying to return her wallet!
31. 【2022年北京卷】This has been adopted to ensure easier detection of gas leaks. Gas naturally ________ (have) no recognizable smell.
32. 【2022年北京卷】The use of those plastics ________ (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won’t survive if this situation continues.
33. 【2022年天津卷第二次】Food and medical supplies ________ (distribute) to all the residents after the hurricane last Sunday.
34. 【2022年天津卷第二次】Critical reasoning, together with problem-solving, ________ (prepare) teenagers to make better decisions.
35. 【2022年天津卷第二次】The children failed to hide their disappointment when they found out the school ________ (cancel) the party.
36. 【2024九省联考卷】Fountain pens ________ (use) in schools long ago and have been regaining popularity lately because they are refillable.
37. 【2021新高考Ⅰ卷】What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it ________ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place.
38. 【2021北京卷】As it ________ (connect) things, your brain turns them into a story, and you get a dream.
39. 【2021全国甲卷】The Xi’an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China’s long history. It ________ (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored.
40. 【2021浙江1月卷】It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 ________ (consider) healthy.
41. 【2021浙江卷】Mary’s niece wrote, “The little home ________ (paint) white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it. She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of herself, everything in good taste and in perfect order.”
42. 【2020新课标Ⅰ卷】The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe — the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess — ________ (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.
43. 【2020新课标Ⅰ卷】“This really excites scientists,” Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, “because it ________ (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon ________ (construct).”
44. 【2020全国Ⅱ卷】This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers ________ (carry) special significance.
45. 【2020全国Ⅲ卷】The artist was sure he would ________ (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old man laughed.
46. 【2020全国Ⅲ卷】When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary artist, they smiled and ________ (point) down the river.
47. 【2020山东卷】The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, ________ (form) the core collection of the British Museum which opened in 1759.
48. 【2020山东卷】The parts of a museum open to the public ________ (call) galleries or rooms.
49. 【2020山东卷】Often, only a small part of a museum’s collection ________ (be) on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research.
50. 【2020北京卷】Oliver is a host of a TV programme on food. He says food ________ (play) a big role in his life.
51. 【2020北京卷】Single-use plastic bags are used at most a few times before they ________ (throw) away.
52. 【2020浙江卷】And, as more children were born, more food ________ (need).
53. 【2020浙江卷】By about 6000 BC, people ________ (discover) the best crops to grow and animals to raise.
54. 【2020浙江卷】This style of farming lasted for quite a long time. Then, with the rise of science, changes began. New methods ________ (mean) that fewer people worked in farming.
55. 【2020浙江卷1月】Something significant is happening to the world population—it is aging. The median age of an American in 1950 ________ (be) 30—today it is 41 and is expected to increase to 42 by 2050.
56. 【2020浙江卷1月】However, greater attention should ________ (place) on longevity.
57. 【2019全国Ⅰ卷】In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut ________ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements.
58. 【2019全国Ⅰ卷】Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six ________ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
59. 【2019全国Ⅱ卷】I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I ________ (make) over the years.
60. 【2019全国Ⅲ卷】Our hosts shared many of their experiences and ________ (recommend) wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit.
61. 【2019全国Ⅲ卷】On the last day of our week-long stay, we ________ (invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars.
62. 【2019浙江卷】One study in America found that students’ grades ________ (improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms.
63. 【2019北京卷】On the first day of my first grade, I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach. I ________ (voice) my biggest concern to my mother.
64. 【2018全国Ⅱ卷】Since 2011, the country ________ (grow) more corn than rice.
65. 【2018北京卷】A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who ________ (trap) in the mountains for two days.
66. 【2016新课标Ⅰ卷】So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research. I ________ (allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre.
67. 【2016新课标Ⅲ卷】Truly elegant chopsticks might ________ (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters.
68. 【2016四川卷】The giant panda ________ (love) by people throughout the world.
69. 【2016四川卷】Then, after two and a half years, the mother ________ (drive) the young panda away.
70. 【2016浙江卷】While online shopping ________ (change) our life, not all of its effects have been positive.
71. 【2016浙江卷】Silk ________ (become) one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.
72. 【2016北京卷】Jack ________ (work) in the lab when the power cut occurred.
73. 【2016北京卷】—Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for? —The new Star Wars. We ________ (wait) here for more than two hours.
74. 【2016北京卷】I ________ (read) half of the English novel, and I’ll try to finish it at the weekend.
75. 【2016北京卷】The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts ________ (reward) with success in the end.
76. 【2016天津卷】When walking down the street, I came across David, whom I ________ (see) for years.
77. 【2015新课标Ⅰ卷】It was raining lightly when I ________ (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didn’t care.
78. 【2015新课标Ⅱ卷】This cycle ________ (go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and thus always a timely offset for the outside temperatures.
79. 【2015北京卷】—Dr. Jackson is not in his office at the moment. —All right. I ________ (call) him later.
80. 【2015北京卷】—Did you enjoy the party? —Yes, we ________ (treat) well by our hosts.
81. 【2015北京卷】—Did you have difficulty finding Ann’s house? —Not really. She ________ (give) us clear directions and we were able to find it easily.
82. 【2015福建卷】To my delight, I ________ (choose) from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.
83. 【2015湖南卷】As you go through this book, you ________ (find) that each of the millions of people who lived through World War Ⅱ had a different experience.
84. 【2015湖南卷】I wasn’t able to hide my eagerness when I ________ (ask), “What do you wish me to do now?”
85. 【2015安徽卷】If you come to visit China, you ________ (experience) a culture of amazing depth and variety.
86. 【2015安徽卷】Just as I got to the school gate, I realised I ________ (leave) my book in the cafe.
87. 【2015安徽卷】It is reported that a space station ________ (build) on the moon in years to come.
88. 【2015四川卷】More expressways ________ (build) in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.
89. 【2015陕西卷】Marty ________ (work) really hard on his book and he thinks he’ll have finished it by Friday.
90. 【2015天津卷】Jane can’t attend the meeting at 3 o’clock this afternoon because she ________ (teach) a class at that time.
91. 【2015天津卷】Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement ________ (reach) so far by the two sides.
92. 【2014新课标Ⅰ卷】In 1969, the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland, Ohio. It ________ (be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up.
93. 【2014新课标Ⅱ卷】So I had a good view of the sidewalk. A boy on a bike ________ (catch) my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms.
94. 【2016江西南昌高三10月联考】...for more and more students would drop out of school if their personal safety could not ________ (guarantee).
95. 【2014广西卷】Unless some extra money ________ (find), the theatre will close.
96. 【2014山东卷】They made up their minds that they ________ (buy) a new house once Larry changed jobs.
97. 【2014四川卷】She ________ (phone) someone, so I nodded to her and went away.
98. 【2014北京卷】—What time is it? —I have no idea. But just a minute, I ________ (check) it for you.
99. 【2014重庆卷】James has just arrived, but I didn’t know he ________ (come) until yesterday.
100.【2014陕西卷】During his stay in Xi’an, Jerry tried almost all the local foods his friends ________ (recommend).
答案与解析
1.are revealed
解析：主语“personalities”与reveal为被动关系，描述比赛中的客观情况，用一般现在时被动语态，主语复数。
2.is
解析：“One of them”作主语，谓语用单数，描述当前认知，用一般现在时。
3.have started
解析：“Over the last two years”提示现在完成时，主语“some supermarkets”为复数。
4.were used
解析：“long ago”提示一般过去时，主语“Fountain pens”与use为被动关系。
5.walks
解析：主语“the Silk Route Garden”为单数，描述花园功能，用一般现在时第三人称单数。
6.were
解析：主语“They”为复数，描述过去的事实，用一般过去时。
7.were
解析：主语“Some of the things”为复数，描述过去的事实，用一般过去时。
8.was built
解析：主语“pavilion”与build为被动关系，时间状语“Two years later”提示一般过去时。
9.was named
解析：主语“John Tinniswood”与name为被动关系，描述过去发生的事，用一般过去时。
10.jogged
解析：描述过去发生的连续动作，与“handed”“said”并列，用一般过去时。
11.be offered
解析：“could”后接动词原形，主语“they”与offer为被动关系。
12.have started
解析：“Over the last two years”提示现在完成时，主语“some supermarkets”为复数。
13.was amazed
解析：“Having visited...”提示过去时间背景，主语“I”与amaze为被动关系，用一般过去时。
14.wished
解析：描述小时候的愿望，用一般过去时。
15.be employed
解析：“can still”后接动词原形，主语“form”与employ为被动关系。
16.made
解析：“last Friday’s”提示过去时间，用一般过去时。
17.becomes
解析：主语“the singing”为单数，描述现在的客观事实，用一般现在时。
18.were permitted
解析：主语“Citizens”与permit为被动关系，描述过去的事实，用一般过去时。
19.featured
解析：描述过去的事实，用一般过去时。
20.has established
解析：“Up to now”提示现在完成时，主语“China”为单数。
21.were
解析：主语“areas”为复数，定语从句中描述过去的状态，用一般过去时。
22.is designed
解析：描述设计原则，用一般现在时被动，主语“The GPNP”为单数。
23.has walked
解析：“In the last five years”提示现在完成时，主语“Cao”为单数。
24.addressed
解析：描述过去发生的事，用一般过去时。
25.is viewed
解析：描述普遍观点，用一般现在时被动，主语“Travelling”为动名词，谓语用单数。
26.are
解析：主语“Cobb and others”为复数，描述当前情况，用现在进行时。
27.have promised
解析：“since...started”提示现在完成时，主语“Many of them”为复数。
28.was fixing
解析：“when he heard”提示过去进行时，表示“正在修车时听到”。
29.threw
解析：描述过去发生的连续动作，与“started”并列，用一般过去时。
30.caught
解析：描述过去发生的事，用一般过去时。
31.has
解析：描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语“Gas”为不可数名词，谓语用单数。
32.has increased
解析：“since 2019”提示现在完成时，主语“The use”为单数。
33.were distributed
解析：“last Sunday”提示一般过去时，主语“supplies”与distribute为被动关系。
34.prepares
解析：“together with”不影响主谓一致，主语“Critical reasoning”为单数，描述客观事实。
35.had cancelled
解析：“found out”后接宾语从句，取消发生在发现之前，用过去完成时。
36.were used（同第4题）
37.was
解析：主语“it”为单数，描述过去的情况，用一般过去时。
38.connects
解析：描述一般规律，用一般现在时，主语“it”为单数。
39.was built
解析：描述过去发生的事，与“has now been restored”形成时间对比。
40.is considered
解析：描述客观事实，用一般现在时被动，主语“a BMI”为单数。
41.was painted
解析：描述过去的状态，用一般过去时被动。
42.touched
解析：“last week”提示一般过去时。
43.means / is constructed
解析：“means”描述一般事实；“how the moon is constructed”客观真理，用一般现在时被动。
44.carries
解析：主语“decorating...”为动名词，谓语用单数，描述客观事实。
45.be chosen
解析：“would”后接动词原形，主语“he”与choose为被动关系。
46.pointed
解析：与“smiled”并列，用一般过去时。
47.formed
解析：描述过去的事实，用一般过去时。
48.are called
解析：描述客观事实，用一般现在时被动，主语“The parts”为复数。
49.is
解析：主语“a small part”为单数，描述客观事实，用一般现在时。
50.plays
解析：主语“food”为不可数名词，视为单数，描述一般情况用一般现在时。
51.are thrown
解析：主语“they”指代bags，与throw为被动关系，描述一般事实。
52.was needed
解析：描述过去的情况，主语“more food”与need为被动关系。
53.had discovered
解析：“By about 6000 BC”提示过去完成时。
54.meant
解析：描述过去的事实，与“lasted”“began”并列，用一般过去时。
55.was
解析：“in 1950”提示一般过去时，主语“The median age”为单数。
56.be placed
解析：“should”后接动词原形，主语“attention”与place为被动关系。
57.have reported
解析：“In recent years”提示现在完成时，主语“some Inuit people”为复数。
58.are
解析：主语“six”为复数，描述当前状态，用一般现在时。
59.have made
解析：“over the years”提示现在完成时，主语“I”为单数。
60.recommended
解析：与“shared”并列，用一般过去时。
61.were invited
解析：主语“we”与invite为被动关系，描述过去的事，用一般过去时。
62.improved
解析：“after...”描述过去发生的事，用一般过去时。
63.voiced
解析：与“stood”并列，用一般过去时。
64.has grown
解析：“Since 2011”提示现在完成时，主语“the country”为单数。
65.had been trapped
解析：被困发生在“risked”之前，用过去完成时被动。
66.was allowed
解析：主语“I”与allow为被动关系，描述过去的事，用一般过去时。
67.be made
解析：“might”后接动词原形，主语“chopsticks”与make为被动关系。
68.is loved
解析：描述客观事实，用一般现在时被动。
69.drove
解析：描述过去发生的事，用一般过去时。
70.has changed
解析：强调对现在的影响，用现在完成时。
71.had become
解析：“by about 100 BC”提示过去完成时。
72.was working
解析：“when...”提示过去进行时，表示“正在工作时发生”。
73.have been waiting
解析：“for more than two hours”提示现在完成进行时。
74.have read
解析：强调已完成的量，用现在完成时。
75.will be rewarded
解析：“in the end”提示将来，主语“efforts”与reward为被动关系。
76.hadn’t seen
解析：遇见之前多年未见，用过去完成时。
77.arrived
解析：“was raining”背景下的过去动作，用一般过去时。
78.goes
解析：描述客观规律，用一般现在时。
79.will call
解析：临时决定将来做某事，用一般将来时。
80.were treated
解析：主语“we”与treat为被动关系，描述过去的事，用一般过去时。
81.had given
解析：给指示发生在找到之前，用过去完成时。
82.was chosen
解析：主语“I”与choose为被动关系，描述过去的事，用一般过去时。
83.will find
解析：“As you go...”提示将来，用一般将来时。
84.asked
解析：描述过去发生的事，与“wasn’t”并列，用一般过去时。
85.will experience
解析：“If you come...”提示将来，用一般将来时。
86.had left
解析：落下书发生在意识到之前，用过去完成时。
87.will be built
解析：“in years to come”提示将来，主语“station”与build为被动关系。
88.will be built
解析：“soon”提示将来，主语“expressways”与build为被动关系。
89.has been working
解析：强调一直持续到现在的努力，用现在完成进行时。
90.will be teaching
解析：“at that time”将来某时点正在进行的动作，用将来进行时。
91.has been reached
解析：“so far”提示现在完成时，主语“agreement”与reach为被动关系。
92.was
解析：“In 1969”提示一般过去时，主语“It”为单数。
93.caught
解析：描述过去发生的事，用一般过去时。
94.be guaranteed
解析：“could not”后接动词原形，主语“safety”与guarantee为被动关系。
95.is found
解析：“Unless”引导条件状语从句，主句将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来。
96.would buy
解析：主句过去时，从句用过去将来时。
97.was phoning
解析：描述过去正在进行的动作，用过去进行时。
98.will check
解析：临时决定做某事，用一般将来时。
99.was coming
解析：过去将来时，表示“将要来”。
100.had recommended
解析：推荐发生在尝试之前，用过去完成时。
📌 最后总结：5句高分口诀
1. 就远看前面，就近看后面
2. 整体用单数，成员用复数
3. 学科、书名、国家名一律单数
4. the+形容词表一类人，永远复数
5. 时间、金钱、距离作主语，一律单数
文章来源：
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