考研
英语
【长难句每日打卡】day 49
2009-1-ReadingPartA-T4-4-5
文章主题：《新英格兰的早期文化生活》
Sexual confusion, economic frustrations, and religious hope—all came together in a decisive moment when he opened the Bible, told his father that the first line he saw would settle his fate, and read the magical words:“Come out from among them, touch no unclean thing, and I will be your God and you shall be my people."
词汇：
1.settle v.最终决定
【Step 1】找谓语
Sexual confusion, economic frustrations, and religious hope—all came together in a decisive moment when he opened the Bible, told his father that the first line he saw would settle his fate, and read the magical words:“Come out from among them, touch no unclean thing, and I will be your God and you shall be my people."
·动词短语 came together 时态：一般过去时
·动词 opened, told and read 时态：一般过去时
·动词 saw 时态：一般过去时
·动词 would settle 时态：一般过去将来时
·动词 come out, touch<祈使句> and will be and shall be<时态：一般将来时>
【Step 2】断句
Sexual confusion, economic frustrations, and religious hope—all came together in a decisive moment [when he opened the Bible, told his father <that the first line |he saw| would settle his fate>, and read the magical words:“Come out from among them, touch no unclean thing, and I will be your God and you shall be my people."]
解析：本句包含3个从句：一个when引导的定语从句；一个that引导的宾语从句；一个省略连接词的定语从句；
when引导的定语从句：
...in a decisive moment [when he opened the Bible, told his father <...>, and read the magical words:“Come out from among them, touch no unclean thing, and I will be your God and you shall be my people."]
判断方法：1.位置：在表示时间的名词<moment>后 <when=介词+先行词=in a decisive moment>
that引导的宾语从句：
...told his father<that the first line |...| would settle his fate>...
判断方法：本句是特殊的宾语从句：tell sb sth告诉某人某事，即双宾语<此句中sth=that从句>。
省略连接词的定语从句：
...the first line |he saw|...
判断方法：1.位置：在名词|代词后；2.从句不完整<缺宾语>。
补充：当关系代词指代先行词在从句中作宾语时可省略。
另外：
常见的可省略连接词的从句有两个：
1.宾语从句——位置：在动词|介词后；
2.定语从句——位置：在名词|代词后；
所以，本句只要看位置，就可以迅速判断是定语从句。
重点成分标注：
主语：在句首|谓语前
宾语：在动词|介词后
表语：在系动词后
主语：蓝色；谓语：红色；表语：绿色；宾语：紫色；宾补：深蓝
主句：
Sexual confusion, economic frustrations, and religious hope—all came together in a decisive moment...
其中，
1.all——代词作Sexual confusion, economic frustrations, and religious hope的同位语【判断方法：1.位置：在名词|代词后；2.Sexual confusion, economic frustrations, and religious hope=all】
2. in a decisive moment——介宾结构作时间状语表示came together动作发生的时间
when引导的定语从句：
[when heopenedthe Bible, toldhis father <...>, and readthe magical words:“Come out from among them, touchno unclean thing, and Iwill be your God and you shall bemy people."]
其中，
1.from among them——介宾结构作状语
that引导的宾语从句：
<that the first line |...| would settle his fate>...
省略连接词的定语从句：
...|he saw|...
【Step 3】翻译
Sexual confusion, economic frustrations, and religious hope—all came together in a decisive moment [when he opened the Bible, told his father <that the first line |he saw| would settle his fate>, and read the magical words:“Come out from among them, touch no unclean thing, and I will be your God and you shall be my people."]
主句：
英文：Sexual confusion, economic frustrations, and religious hope—all came together in a decisive moment...
中文：性困惑、经济挫折和宗教希望——所有这些都在一个决定性时刻交织到一起。
翻译解释：本句中时间状语in a decisive moment在翻译时，选择置于“主谓”之间。
原因：
我们在day11中曾提到：
中英文在状语方面的差别：【英文：往往先说正事，再说废话；中文往往先说废话，再说正事】
原因：英语是前重心语言，越重要的东西越往前放；汉语是后重心语言，越重要的东西越往后放。
而状语由副词充当<注意：副词的“副”指“次要”的意思>，因此副词作状语作为一种“不重要的废话”，在英语中比较靠后，在汉语中则比较靠前。
中英文状语位置差异：
英文：常见于句首|句尾|主谓之间，且常见于句尾；
中文：常见于句首或主谓之间；
举个🌰：
中文：去年中秋节，杰克和女朋友一起驱车去了厦门。
英文：JAck drove to Xiamen with his girlfriend last Mid-Autumn Festival.
本句中的核心主干是“杰克驱车去了厦门”属句子重要内容，译为英语时位置要比较靠前，剩余状语则可置于句尾。
when引导的定语从句：
英文：in a decisive moment [when he opened the Bible, told his father <...>, and read the magical words:“Come out from among them, touch no unclean thing, and I will be your God and you shall be my people."]
中文：在这一决定性时刻，他打开了《圣经》，告诉他的父亲...，并且阅读到了这样神奇的语言：“从他们中出来吧，不要触摸不干净的东西，我会是你的上帝，你则是我的人们”。
翻译解释：when引导的定语从句大于8个词，采取后置译法，即单独成句+重复先行词。
that引导的宾语从句：
英文：<that the first line |...| would settle his fate>...
中文：第一行将最终决定他的命运。
省略连接词的定语从句：
英文：the first line |he saw|...
中文：他所看到的第一行。
翻译解释：定语从句词数小于等于8个词，属于较短类型，可采取前置译法，即译为“...的”。
1.the Bible 《圣经》
END
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