八下英语Unit 2 语法备课详案+中考情态动词拓展与语法专练

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Unit2Stay Healthy
情态动词（shoud / could）
基本概念	情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，或表示主观设想是基础，初中更侧重语境辨析、语气程度。
情态动词不能单独作谓语动词，它要接动词原形。
特点	1.+动原2.无人称与数的变化（除have to）
常见的	can/could/may/might/mush/need/should/shall/will/would/have to/dare
should的用法
定义：	意为：应当；应该；可以。用以表达职责和义务，提出劝告，而且表述的是自己的主观看法，其后+动原
句子结构：	书本例句
肯：主+should+V原+其他	You should take some medicine and drink enough water.
否：主+shouldn't+V原+其他	You shouldn't eat so much next time.
一般疑问句：Should+主+V原+其他+？肯回：Yes,主+should. 否回：No,主+shouldn't.
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+should+主+V原+其他+？	What should I do?
1.表示提出建议或劝告，意为“应该”：	eg:We should do sports every day./When you have the flu,you should wear a mask.
2.表示推测，意为“应该会，可能”	eg:He should be in the library.
3.表示拒绝，恼怒，惊奇等，意为“竟然会，怎么会”	eg:She should say something like that./ You shouldn't shout at your mother.
4.表示征求对方的意见，意为“应该，应当”，常用于主语是第一人称的疑问句中：	eg:What should we do now?/ Should I put the bag here?
could的常见的用法
定义：	是can的过去式，也用于提出建议，比can的语气更委婉
1.用于提出建议，比can的语气更委婉，表示“可以”：eg:You could ask your teacher for advice.	The volcano could erupt at any time.这座火山随时可爆发。
2.表示过去的能力，意为“能，会”：eg:I could speak English at the age of six.	She could speak English when she was two years.
3.用于提出要求或请求，意为“能，可以”:	Could you please lend me your bike?-Sure./Sorry,I'm afraid not.
4.表推测，意为“可能”:eg:You could be right,but I'm not sure.	He could be spiteful.他可能怀有恶意。
【反身代词】常用短语：enjoy oneself玩得开心for onself为自己 by oneself独自 dress oneself自己穿衣服 teach oneself自学 say to oneself自言自语 learn by oneself自学 help oneself to自取，随便吃

拓展【中考核心情态动词用法深析】
一、can/could
1.能力（会）	I can speak English.(表现在)/ I could run fast when I was young.（表过去）
2.请求/许可（可以）	Can I borrow your book? Could you lend me a pen?(could语气更委婉，不是过去式)
3.可能性（有时会/可能）	Even the best teacher can make mistakes.(客观可能性，偶尔会)
中考高频	否定推测：That can't be true.(那不一定是真的)
	can't...too/enough:You can't be too careful.（你越小心越好/再小心也不为过）
二、May/Might
1.请求许可（可以）	May I come in? 比can正式、客气注意回答：Yes,you may. /No,you mustn't.(不可以，禁止)
2.可能性（也许）	He may know the answer./She might be at home.(might可能性更小)
中考高频	May you!表祝愿： May you succeed!
三、must/have to
1.必须（主观）	I must finish it today.（我自己觉得必须做）
2.必须（客观）	I have to wear glasses.(不得不，条件迫使)
3.否定形式	mustn't=禁止、千万不要（语气最强）don't have to=不必=needn't
中考高频	Must I...?否定回答要用needn't或don't have to ,绝对不能用mustn't
四、should/ought to
1.建议/义务（应该）	We should protect the environment.
2.理应/预期	The train should arrive soon.
ought to	与should 同义，但语气略强，多用于正式文体。否定式为ought not to
五、shall/will（针对第一人称）
shall I/we...?主动提供帮助或提建议=（Do you want me to...?） Shall I open the window?
will you...?请求对方做某事=（Please do...） Will you pass me the salt?
六、had better(最好)
结构：’d better+V原（表示强烈建议，略带威胁语气）----否定'd better notYou'd better go to bed early. You'd better not tell lies.
中考最难点：情态动词表推测（3个级别）
一.语境要根据上下文判断可能性大小
表推测时：1.一定（100%肯定）must 用于肯中2. 也许（50%/30%）may3. 不可能（100%否定）can't用于否、疑中
二、中考拔高难点：情态动词+have done(发达地区的高频考点，在高中是必修内容)
表示对过去发生的事情进行推测、责备或遗憾
1.must have done(过去一定做了)The ground is wet.It must have rained last night.
2.can't/couldn't have done(过去不可能做了) He can't have finished the work so soon.
3.may/might have done(过去可能做了)She may have missed the bus.
4.should/ought to have done(过去本应该做而没做-责备/遗憾)You should have told me earlier.
5.needn't have done(过去本不必做而做了)I needn't have taken the umbrella.(我本不必带伞的-结果没下雨)
三、易混辨析与高频考点
1.can/be able to
can只有现在和过去could; be able to 有各种语态，且强调没法成功做某事=managed to do
2.need的双重身份
可做情态动词You needn't worry.又可做实义动词Does he need to go?
3.回答要一致（谁问谁答）