2023 年考研英语一真题及答案(逐词逐句翻译)

Section IUse of English第一部分 英语运用

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

说明：

阅读以下文本，为每个编号空白处选择最佳单词（或词组），并在答题卡上标记A、B、C或D（10分）。

Caravanserais were roadside inns that were built along the Silk Road in areas including China, North Africa and the Middle East. They were typically 1 outside the walls of a city or village and were usually funded by local governments or 2 .

商队旅馆是建在中国、北非和中东等丝绸之路沿线地区的路边客栈，通常位于城外或村外，由地方政府或私人资助。

【Caravanserais，历史可追溯至伊斯兰文明兴起之初，分布在中国、北非、中东、中亚、伊朗高原和安纳托利亚等区域，主要功能是住宿、补给、保护商队。】

This word “Caravanserais” is a 3 of the Persian words “Karvan”, which means a group of travellers or a caravan, and “saray”, a palace or enclosed building. The term caravan was used to 4 groups of people who travelled together across the ancient network for safety reasons, 5 merchants, travellers or pilgrims.

“Caravanserais（商队旅馆）”一词由波斯语“Karvan”（意为“一群旅行者”或“商队”）与“saray”（意为“宫殿”或“围合式建筑”）组合而成。术语“caravan（商队）”在古代指为安全起见结伴同行的人群，例如商人、旅者或朝圣者，他们通过古老的交通网络进行长途旅行。

【波斯语原词“karwan-sarai”中的“sarai”在伊朗语词根中还有“保护”的含义，呼应商队旅馆的庇护功能。】

From the 10th century onwards, as merchant and travel routes became more developed, the 6 of caravanserais increased and they served as a safe place for people to rest at night. Travellers on the Silk Road 7 the possibility of being attacked by thieves or being 8 to extreme weather conditions. For this reason, caravanserais were strategically placed 9 they could be reached in a day’s travel time.

自10世纪起，随着商旅路线的日益发达，商队旅馆（caravanserais）的建造数量显著增加，成为人们夜间休憩的安全场所。丝绸之路上的旅人常面临盗匪袭击或极端天气的威胁，因此商队旅馆被战略性地设置在一天行程可达的距离内，以确保商队能及时获得庇护。

【商队旅馆通常间隔30至40公里（一日行程），提供住宿、货物保险及防御设施（如10米高的石墙），部分由塞尔柱王朝等政权资助修建以保障贸易安全。

这类建筑在伊斯兰世界尤为普遍，7世纪后朝圣者的加入进一步推动了其发展，成为丝绸之路上经济、文化传播的重要节点。】

Caravanserais served as an informal 10 point for the various people who travelled the Silk Road. 11 , these structures became important centers for cultural 12 and interaction, with travellers sharing their cultures, ideas and beliefs, 13 taking knowledge with them, greatly 14 the development of several civilisations.

商旅客栈（caravanserais）是丝绸之路旅人们的非正式聚集点。因此，这些建筑成为文化交汇与互动的重要中心——旅人们在此分享彼此的文化、思想和信仰，同时带走知识，极大地影响了多个文明的发展。

Caravanserais were also an important marketplace for commodities and 15 in the trade of goods along the Silk Road. 16 , it was frequently the first stop for merchants looking to sell their wares and 17 supplies for their own journeys. It is 18 that around 12,000 to 15,000 caravanserais were built along the Silk Road, 19 only about 3,000 are known to remain today, many of which are in 20 .

商旅客栈（caravanserais）同样是商品贸易的重要市场，促进了丝绸之路沿线的货物交易。实际上，这里往往是商人售卖货物、补充旅途补给的首站。据信，丝绸之路上曾建有约1.2万至1.5万座商旅客栈，但现存仅约3000座，且多已成废墟。

Section IIReading Comprehension第二部分 阅读理解

Part A          第一节

Directions:

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)

说明：

阅读以下四篇文本。根据每篇文本后的问题，从A、B、C或D中选择正确答案，并将答案标在答题卡上。（共40分）

Text 1第一篇文章

The weather in Texas may have cooled since the recent extreme heat, but the temperature will be high at the State Board of Education meeting in Austin this month as officials debate how climate change is taught in Texas schools.

德克萨斯州的天气自近期极端高温以来可能已转凉，但本月在奥斯汀举行的州教育委员会会议上，随着官员们讨论该州学校应如何教授气候变化知识，会议氛围将异常激烈。

【德克萨斯州（Texas）作为美国能源大州，其气候变化教育争议与当地能源产业利益相关，这一背景在译文中通过"激烈"一词间接体现。】

Pat Hardy, who sympathises with the views of the energy sector, is resisting proposed changes to science standards for pre-teen pupils. “There are as many scientists working against all the panic of global climate change as there are those who are pushing it,” she claims. “Texas is an energy state and we need to recognise that. You need to remember where your bread is buttered.”

帕特·哈迪（Pat Hardy）对能源行业的观点表示认同，她正抵制针对青少年学生科学课程标准的修改提案。她声称："质疑全球气候变化恐慌的科学家与鼓吹这一观点的科学家数量相当。德克萨斯是能源大州，我们必须认清这一点。你得明白自己的利益所在。"

【直译版："你得记住你的面包哪面涂了黄油"

意译版："德州靠能源吃饭，我们必须正视这一点"。

哈迪的言论体现了德克萨斯州教育委员会中能源利益代表与科学共识的冲突。该州曾因气候变化教育表现全美最差（评级F）而受批评。】

Most scientists and experts sharply dispute Hardy’s views. Board members like her “casually dismiss the career work of scholars and scientists as just another misguided opinion,” says Dan Quinn, senior communications strategist at the Texas Freedom Network, a non-profit group that monitors public education.

绝大多数科学家和专家强烈质疑哈迪的观点。德克萨斯自由网络（一个监督公共教育的非营利组织）的高级传播策略师丹·奎因（Dan Quinn）表示，像她这样的教育委员会成员'轻率地将学者和科学家毕生的工作视为另一种被误导的观点'。

【德州教育委员会部分成员（如哈迪）因否认气候变化科学共识而受抨击，其制定的课程标准在全美评级最低（F级），却因教材广泛销售影响其他州。】

Such debates reflect fierce discussions across the US, as researchers, policymakers, teachers and students step up demands for a greater focus on teaching about the facts of climate change in schools.

此类辩论反映了全美范围内的激烈讨论，因为研究人员、政策制定者、教师和学生都要求学校更加重视气候变化事实的教学。

【美国86%的教师支持教授气候变化，但实施中仍面临社会争议（如德克萨斯州的反对声音），形成全国性政策与地方实践的矛盾。】

A study last year by the National Center for Science Education, a non-profit group of scientists and teachers, looking at how state public schools across the country address climate change in science classes, gave barely half of US states a grade B+ or higher. Among the 10 worst performers were some of the most populous states, including Texas, which was given the lowest grade (F) and has a disproportionate influence because its textbooks are widely sold elsewhere.

美国国家科学教育中心（由科学家和教师组成的非营利组织）去年的一项研究调查了各州公立学校在科学课程中如何教授气候变化，结果显示仅有不到半数的州获得B+或更高评分。表现最差的10个州中包括德克萨斯等人口大州——该州获得最低评级（F级），但由于其教科书在其他地区广泛销售，其影响力远超实际比例。

【该研究揭示了美国科学教育的两极分化：一方面86%教师支持教授气候变化，另一方面德州等地区因教材内容淡化人为因素（如将气候变化归为"科学假说"）导致评级垫底。】

Glenn Branch, the center’s deputy director, cautions that setting state-level science standards is only one limited benchmark in a country that decentralises decisions to local school boards. Even if a state is considered a high performer in its science standards, “that does not mean it will be taught”, he says.

该中心副主任格伦·布兰奇（Glenn Branch）提醒道，在一个将教育决策权下放给地方学校董事会的国家，制定州级科学课程标准仅是一个有限的衡量标准。他指出："即使某州的科学课程标准被评为优秀，也不意味着这些内容会被实际教授。"

【布兰奇的言论揭示了美国科学教育实施的矛盾：州级标准可能因地方政治倾向（如德州部分学区否认气候变化人为因素）、教师自主权或资源差异而无法落实。

布兰奇所属的美国国家科学教育中心（National Center for Science Education）长期致力于推动进化论和气候变化等科学共识进入课堂，其观点代表科学界对地方教育政治化的担忧。】

Another issue is that, while climate change is well integrated into some subjects and at some ages — such as earth and space sciences in high schools — it is not as well represented in curricula for younger children and in subjects that are more widely taught, such as biology and chemistry. It is also less prominent in many social studies courses.

另一个问题是，尽管气候变化内容已较好地融入部分学科和年龄段（如高中的地球与空间科学课程），但在低龄儿童课程及生物学、化学等更广泛教授的学科中体现不足，同时在许多社会科学课程中也较为边缘化。

Branch points out that, even if a growing number of official guidelines and textbooks reflect scientific consensus on climate change, unofficial educational materials that convey more slanted perspectives are being distributed to teachers. They include materials sponsored by libertarian think-tanks and energy industry associations.

布兰奇指出，尽管越来越多的官方指导文件和教科书已反映气候变化科学共识，但传播偏颇观点的非官方教材仍在向教师分发。这些材料包括由自由主义智库和能源行业协会资助的内容。

21. In Paragraph 1, the weather in Texas is mentioned to ____

A. forecast a policy shift in Texas schools.

B. stress the consequences of climate change.

C. indicate the atmosphere at the board meeting.

D. draw the public’s attention to energy shortages.

第一段提到得克萨斯州的天气是为了____

A. 预测得州学校的政策转变

B. 强调气候变化的后果

C. 暗示教育委员会会议的氛围

D. 引起公众对能源短缺的关注

22. What does Quinn think of Hardy?

A. She exaggerates the existing panic.

B. She denies the value of scientific work.

C. She shows no concern for pre-teens.

D. She expresses self-contradictory views

Quinn对Hardy的看法是？

A. 她夸大了现有的恐慌

B. 她否认科学工作的价值

C. 她对低龄学生漠不关心

D. 她表达了自相矛盾的观点

23. The study mentioned in Paragraph 5 shows that ____

A. climate education is insufficient at state public schools.

B. policymakers have little drive for science education.

C. Texas is reluctant to rewrite its science textbooks.

D. environmental teaching in some states lacks supervision.

第五段提到的研究表明____

A. 州立公立学校的气候教育不足

B. 政策制定者缺乏推动科学教育的动力

C. 得州不愿重写科学教科书

D. 某些州的环境教学缺乏监管

24. According to Branch, state-level science standards in the US ____

A. call for regular revision.

B. require urgent application.

C. have limited influence.

D. cater to local needs.

根据Branch的观点，美国州级科学标准____

A. 需要定期修订

B. 亟待实施应用

C. 影响力有限

D. 迎合地方需求

25. It is implied in the last paragraph that climate change teaching in some schools ____

A. agrees to major public demands.

B. reflects teachers’ personal biases.

C. may misrepresent the energy sector.

D. can be swayed by external forces.

最后一段暗示某些学校的气候变化教学____

A. 符合主流公众诉求

B. 反映教师个人偏见

C. 可能歪曲能源行业

D. 易受外部力量左右

Text 2第二篇文章

Communities throughout New England have been attempting to regulate short-term rentals since sites like Airbnb took off in the 2010s. Now, with record-high home prices and historically low inventory, there’s an increased urgency in such regulation, particularly among those who worry that developers will come in and buy up swaths of housing to flip for a fortune on the short-term rental market.

自2010年代Airbnb等平台兴起以来，新英格兰各地的社区一直在尝试规范短期租赁市场。如今，在房价创历史新高、住房库存处于历史低位的背景下，此类监管的紧迫性进一步加剧——尤其是那些担忧开发商会趁机收购大量房产、通过短期租赁市场快速转售牟利的人士。

In New Hampshire, where the rental vacancy rate has dropped below 1 percent, housing advocates fear unchecked short-term rentals will put further pressure on an already strained market. The State Legislature recently voted against a bill that would’ve made it illegal for towns to create legislation restricting short-term rentals.

在新罕布什尔州，当地房屋空置率已跌破1%，住房权益倡导者担忧，若不对短期租赁加以管控，将给本已紧张的住房市场带来更大压力。该州立法机构近日否决了一项法案——该法案若通过，将禁止城镇制定限制短期租赁的相关法规。

“We are at a crisis level on the supply of rental housing,” said Nick Taylor, executive director of the Workforce Housing Coalition of the Greater Seacoast. Without enough affordable housing in southern New Hampshire towns, “employers are having a hard time attracting employees, and workers are having a hard time finding a place to live,” Taylor said.

"我们正处于租赁住房供应的危机水平，"大海岸区劳动力住房联盟执行主任尼克·泰勒表示。他指出，由于新罕布什尔州南部城镇缺乏足够的经济适用房，"雇主难以吸引员工，而工人也难以找到住所"

However, short-term rentals also provide housing for tourists, pointed out Ryan Castle, CEO of a local association of realtors. “A lot of workers are servicing the tourist industry, and the tourism industry is serviced by those people coming in short term,” Castle said, “and so it’s a cyclical effect.”

当地房地产经纪人协会首席执行官瑞安·卡斯尔（Ryan Castle）指出，短期租赁同样为游客提供了住宿。"许多从业者为旅游业服务，而旅游业又依赖这些短期来访者的消费，"卡斯尔表示，"这形成了一个循环效应"

Short-term rentals themselves are not the crux of the issue, said Keren Horn, an expert on affordable housing policy. “I think individuals being able to rent out their second home is a good thing. If it’s their vacation home anyway, and it’s just empty, why can’t you make money off it?” Horn said. Issues arise, however, when developers attempt to create large-scale short-term rental facilities — de facto hotels — to bypass taxes and regulations. “I think the question is, shouldn’t a developer who’s really building a hotel, but disguising it as not a hotel, be treated and taxed and regulated like a hotel?” Horn said.

可负担住房政策专家克伦·霍恩（Keren Horn）指出："短期租赁本身并非问题的核心。个人能够出租自己的第二套房产是件好事——如果那本来就是他们的度假屋，空着也是空着，为何不能借此盈利？"但她强调，问题在于开发商试图通过大规模建设短期租赁设施（实质上的酒店）来规避税收和监管："关键问题是，那些实际建造酒店却伪装成非酒店项目的开发商，难道不应该像酒店一样接受同等对待、征税和监管吗？"

At the end of 2018, Governor Charlie Baker of Massachusetts signed a bill to rein in those potential investor-buyers. The bill requires every rental host to register with the state, mandates they carry insurance, and opens the potential for local taxes on top of a new state levy. Boston took things even further, requiring renters to register with the city’s Inspectional Services Department.

2018年底，马萨诸塞州州长查理·贝克（Charlie Baker）签署了一项旨在约束潜在投资买家的法案。该法案要求所有出租房主必须向州政府登记注册，强制其购买保险，并允许在新增州税基础上加征地方税。波士顿市则进一步要求租客需向该市检查服务部（Inspectional Services Department）进行登记备案。

Horn said similar registration requirements could benefit struggling cities and towns, but “if we want to make a change in the housing market, the main one is we have to build a lot more.”

霍恩表示，类似的登记注册要求可能对困境中的城镇有所裨益，但"若要在住房市场实现真正变革，关键在于我们必须大幅增加住房供应量"

26. Which of the following is true of New England?

A. Its housing supply is at a very low level.

B. Its communities are in need of funding.

C. Its rental vacancy rate is going up slowly.

D. Its home prices are under strict control.

关于新英格兰地区，以下哪项是正确的？

A. 其住房供应处于极低水平

B. 其社区需要资金支持

C. 其租赁空置率正在缓慢上升

D. 其房价受到严格管控

27. The bill mentioned in Paragraph 2 was intended to ____

A. curb short-term rental speculation.

B. ensure the supply of cheap housing.

C. punish illegal dealings in housing.

D. allow a free short-term rental market.

第二段提到的法案旨在____

A. 遏制短期租赁投机

B. 保障廉价住房供应

C. 惩罚非法房产交易

D. 开放自由短期租赁市场

28. Compared with Castle, Taylor is more likely to support ____

A. further investment in local tourism.

B. an increase in affordable housing.

C. strict management of real estate agents.

D. a favorable policy for short-term workers.

与Castle相比，Taylor更可能支持____

A. 对本地旅游业的进一步投资

B. 增加经济适用房

C. 严格管理房地产经纪人

D. 对短期工人的优惠政策

29. What does Horn emphasize in Paragraph 5?

A. The urgency to upgrade short-term rental facilities.

B. The efficient operation of the local housing market.

C. The necessity to stop developers from evading taxes.

D. The proper procedures for renting out spare houses.

Horn在第5段强调了什么？

A. 升级短期租赁设施的紧迫性

B. 当地住房市场的有效运作

C. 阻止开发商逃税的必要性

D. 出租闲置房屋的正确流程

30. Horn holds that imposing registration requirements is ____

A. an irrational decision.

B. an unfeasible proposal.

C. an unnecessary measure.

D. an inadequate solution.

Horn认为实施登记要求是____

A. 不合理的决定

B. 不可行的提议

C. 不必要的措施

D. 不彻底的解决方案

Text 3第三篇文章

If you’re heading for your nearest branch of Waterstones, the biggest book retailer in the UK, in search of the Duchess of Sussex’s new children’s book The Bench, you might have to be prepared to hunt around a bit; the same may be true of The President’s Daughter, the new thriller by Bill Clinton and James Patterson. Both of these books are published next week by Penguin Random House (PRH), a company currently involved in a stand-off with Waterstones.

如果您正前往英国最大的图书零售商水石书店（Waterstones）的最近分店，想要购买苏塞克斯公爵夫人的新儿童读物《长椅》（The Bench），可能需要做好四处寻找的准备；比尔·克林顿（Bill Clinton）与詹姆斯·帕特森（James Patterson）合著的新惊悚小说《总统的女儿》（The President’s Daughter）可能也是如此。这两本书均将于下周由企鹅兰登书屋（PRH）出版，而该公司目前正与水石书店陷入僵局。

The problem began late last year, when PRH confirmed that it had introduced a credit limit with Waterstones “at a very significant level”. The trade magazine The Bookseller reported that Waterstones branch managers were being told to remove PRH books from prominent areas such as tables, display spaces and windows, and were “quietly retiring them to their relevant sections”.

问题始于去年年底，当时企鹅兰登书屋（PRH）证实已对水石书店（Waterstones）实施了"极高额度"的信贷限制。行业杂志《书商》（The Bookseller）报道称，水石书店各分店经理接到指令，要求将PRH的书籍从展台、橱窗等显眼位置撤下，并"悄然将其归位至对应分类书架"

PRH declined to comment on the issue, but a spokesperson for Waterstones told me: “Waterstones are currently operating with reduced credit terms from PRH, the only publisher in the UK to place any limitations on our ability to trade. We are not boycotting PRH titles but we are doing our utmost to ensure that availability for customers remains good despite the lower overall levels of stock.” “We are hopeful with our shops now open again that normality will return and that we will be allowed to buy appropriately. Certainly, our shops are exceptionally busy. The sales for our May Books of the Month surpassed any month since 2018.”

企鹅兰登书屋（PRH）拒绝对此事置评，但水石书店（Waterstones）的一位发言人向我表示："目前我们与PRH的交易正受到缩减的信贷条款限制——这是英国唯一一家对我们经营能力设限的出版商。我们并非抵制PRH的书籍，而是竭尽全力在整体库存减少的情况下保障顾客的购书需求。发言人补充道："随着门店全面重启，我们期待业务恢复正常，并能获得合理的采购权限。当前门店客流量异常火爆，五月份'月度之书'的销量更是创下2018年以来的单月最高纪录。

【发言人的双重表态：

被动应对：强调信贷限制的独特性（"唯一设限出版商"）与库存管理策略（"不抵制但调整陈列"）

积极预期：通过销售数据（"2018年以来峰值"）佐证市场需求，暗示限制政策与市场实际表现的矛盾性。】

In the meantime, PRH authors have been the losers. Big-name PRH authors may suffer a bit, but it’s those mid-list authors, who normally rely on Waterstones staff’s passion for promoting books by lesser-known writers, who will be praying for an end to the dispute.

在这场纷争中，企鹅兰登书屋（PRH）的作家们成为了最大输家。知名作家或许仅受轻微影响，但那些中腰部作家——他们通常依赖水石书店（Waterstones）员工对推广小众作品的热情——才最迫切期盼这场争端早日结束。

It comes at a time when authors are already worried about the consequences of the proposed merger between PRH and another big publisher, Simon & Schuster — the reduction in the number of unaligned UK publishers is likely to lead to fewer bidding wars, lower advances, and more conformity in terms of what is published.

这一情况出现时，作者们已然对企鹅兰登书屋（PRH）与另一大型出版商西蒙与舒斯特（Simon & Schuster）的拟议合并忧心忡忡——英国独立出版商数量的减少可能导致竞价战减少、预付款降低，并使得出版内容趋向同质化。

【2020年11月，全球最大的出版公司之一企鹅兰登书屋（Penguin Random House）宣布以21.75亿美元的价格收购另一国际出版巨头、美国六大出版商之一西蒙与舒斯特(Simon & Schuster)。此次交易在国际出版界引发了持续的关注和争议，业内人士批评此举严重削弱了市场竞争，形成了市场垄断的局面。英国竞争监管机构曾介入此次交易并试图干预，美国司法部也于2021年底提起反垄断诉讼，美国司法部长梅里克·加兰德（Merrick Garland）曾表示，若不加以制止，这次交易将使得全球最大的图书出版商进一步获得对行业的空前控制权，会使得作者的稿酬下降，消费者获得的书籍多样性也会减少。】

“This is all part of a wider change towards concentration of power,” says literary agent Andrew Lownie. “The publishing industry talks about diversity in terms of authors and staff but it also needs a plurality of ways of delivering intellectual contact, choice and different voices. After all, many of the most interesting books in recent years have come from small publishers.”

文学经纪人安德鲁·洛尼（Andrew Lownie）指出："这都是一种权力集中化大趋势的体现。出版业总在谈论作者和员工的多样性，但它同样需要多元化的知识传播方式、读者选择权以及不同声音的表达。毕竟，近年来许多最引人入胜的著作都出自小型出版商之手。"

【多样性缺失：独立出版商减少导致"内容同质化"的后果】

We shall see whether that plurality is a casualty of the current need among publishers to be big enough to take on all-comers.

我们终将见证，这种（出版业的）多元化是否会成为当下出版商‘规模至上’竞争策略的牺牲品。

【plurality：多样性/多元化（此处指出版市场的多元生态，如中小型出版社、独立书商、特色内容等）

casualty：牺牲品/受害者（喻指多元化因外部压力受损或消失）。casualty一词将抽象概念具象化，暗示多元化可能因行业整合趋势而受损，类似战争中的“伤亡”。

句子通过whether提出假设性命题，强调结果的不确定性，需通过观察验证。

current need：当前需求（出版业面临的市场竞争压力）

to be big enough to take on all-comers：需具备足够规模以应对所有竞争者（take on all-comers为固定搭配，意为“接受所有挑战者”）

出版业在追求规模扩张（be big enough）以应对市场竞争（take on all-comers）的过程中，可能牺牲市场多元化（plurality）。】

31. The author mentions two books in Paragraph 1 to present ____

A. an ongoing conflict.

B. an intellectual concept.

C. a prevailing sentiment.

D. a literary phenomenon.

作者在第一段提及两本书，目的是呈现____。

A. 一场持续的冲突

B. 一个学术概念

C. 一种普遍的情绪

D. 一种文学现象

32. Why did Waterstones shops retire PRH books to their relevant sections?

A. To make them easily noticeable.

B. To comply with PRH’s requirement.

C. To respond to PRH’s business move.

D. To arrange them in a systematic way.

为什么Waterstones书店将PRH的书籍归置到相关区域？

A. 为了使它们更容易被注意到

B. 为了遵循PRH的要求

C. 为了回应PRH的商业举措

D. 为了系统性地整理它们

33. What message does the spokesperson for Waterstones seem to convey?

A. Their customers remain loyal.

B. The credit limit will be removed.

C. Their stock is underestimated.

D. The book market is rather slack.

Waterstones书店的发言人似乎传达了什么信息？

A. 他们的顾客依然忠诚

B. 信用额度将被取消

C. 他们的库存被低估了

D. 图书市场相当低迷

34. What can be one consequence of the current dispute?

A. Sales of books by mid-list PRH writers fall off considerably.

B. Lesser-known PRH writers become the target of criticism.

C. Waterstones staff hesitate to promote big-name authors’ books.

D. Waterstones branches suffer a severe reduction in revenue.

当前争端可能带来的一个后果是什么？

A. PRH中等销量作家的书籍销量大幅下降

B. 鲜为人知的PRH作家成为批评的目标

C. Waterstones员工对推广知名作家书籍犹豫不决

D. Waterstones各分店的收入严重减少

35. Which of the following statements best represents Lownie’s view?

A. Small publishers ought to stick together.

B. Big publishers will lose their dominance.

C. The publishing industry is having a hard time.

D. The merger of publishers is a worrying trend.

以下哪项陈述最能代表Lownie的观点？

A. 小型出版商应该团结一致

B. 大型出版商将失去主导地位

C. 出版业正经历困难时期

D. 出版商的合并是一个令人担忧的趋势

Text 4第四篇文章

Scientific papers are the recordkeepers of progress in research. Each year researchers publish millions of papers in more than 30,000 journals. The scientific community measures the quality of those papers in a number of ways, including the perceived quality of the journal (as reflected by the title’s impact factor) and the number of citations a specific paper accumulates. The careers of scientists and the reputation of their institutions depend on the number and prestige of the papers they produce, but even more so on the citations attracted by these papers.

科学论文是研究进展的记录者。研究人员每年在3万多种期刊上发表数百万篇论文。科学界通过多种方式衡量论文质量，包括期刊质量（如影响因子）和论文的引用次数。科学家的职业生涯及其所在机构的声誉，不仅取决于发表论文的数量和期刊的声望，更取决于论文的引用次数。

Citation cartels, where journals, authors, and institutions conspire to inflate citation numbers, have existed for a long time. In 2016, researchers developed an algorithm to recognize suspicious citation patterns, including groups of authors that disproportionately cite one another and groups of journals that cite each other frequently to increase the impact factors of their publications. Recently, another expression of this predatory behavior has emerged: so-called support service consultancies that provide language and other editorial support to individual authors and to journals sometimes advise contributors to add a number of citations to their articles.

学术界的"引用联盟"现象由来已久——期刊、作者及机构通过合谋手段虚增引用数据。2016年，研究者开发出识别异常引用模式的算法，可检测出三类可疑行为：学者小圈子互引、期刊联盟互抬影响因子。近期这种学术不端行为衍生出新变种：某些为学者和期刊提供语言润色等编辑服务的"支持型"咨询公司，开始建议客户在论文中人为增加特定引用。

The advent of electronic publishing and authors’ need to find outlets for their papers resulted in thousands of new journals. The birth of predatory journals wasn’t far behind. These journals can act as milk cows where every single article in an issue may cite a specific paper or a series of papers. In some instances, there is absolutely no relationship between the content of the article and the citations. The peculiar part is that the journal that the editor is supposedly working for is not profiting at all — it is just providing citations to other journals. Such practices can lead an article to accrue more than 150 citations in the same year that it was published.

电子出版的兴起以及作者寻找论文发表渠道的需求催生了数千种新期刊，而掠夺性期刊的出现也随之而来。这些期刊如同摇钱树，每期刊物中的所有文章都可能引用某篇特定论文或系列论文。某些情况下，文章内容与引用文献之间根本毫无关联。蹊跷之处在于，编辑所供职的期刊并未从中获益——它仅仅是在为其他期刊提供引用。此类操作能使单篇论文在发表当年就积累超过150次引用量。

How insidious is this type of citation manipulation? In one example, an individual — acting as author, editor, and consultant — was able to use at least 15 journals as citation providers to articles published by five scientists at three universities. The problem is rampant in Scopus, a citation database, which includes a high number of the new “international” journals. In fact, a listing in Scopus seems to be a criterion to be targeted in this type of citation manipulation.

这种引用操纵手段的隐蔽性有多强？一个典型案例显示，某个人同时以作者、编辑和顾问的三重身份，操纵至少15本期刊为三所大学的五位科学家所发表的论文提供定向引用。这种现象在Scopus引文数据库中尤为猖獗——该数据库收录了大量新成立的"国际"期刊，而入选Scopus本身似乎就成了这类引用操纵行为的目标标准。

【类似"引文卡特尔"（期刊/作者合谋抬高引用数）长期存在，近年还出现"支持服务咨询公司"诱导作者添加无关引用。

Scopus因收录大量新"国际"期刊成为重灾区，其收录资格反而被操纵者视为目标。例如67本劫持期刊通过篡改链接或内容入侵Scopus，截至2023年9月仍有41本未被清除。

部分被Scopus收录的期刊（如伊拉克《巴比尔医学杂志》）因强制引用等不当行为遭剔除。

合法期刊被收购后沦为掠夺性出版物：36家期刊在被无出版经验的公司收购后，大幅提高发表费用并批量生产低质论文，最终被Scopus除名。】

Scopus itself has all the data necessary to detect this malpractice. Red flags include a large number of citations to an article within the first year. And for authors who wish to steer clear of citation cartel activities: when an editor, a reviewer, or a support service asks you to add inappropriate references, do not oblige and do report the request to the journal.

Scopus本身拥有检测此类学术不端行为所需的所有数据。危险信号包括：某篇文章在发表第一年就获得大量引用。对于希望避免卷入"引用卡特尔"活动的作者，当编辑、审稿人或支持服务要求你添加不相关引用时，切勿妥协，并务必向期刊举报此类要求。

【Scopus确实具备识别异常引用的数据基础（如短时间内爆发式引用），但其现行指标设计存在缺陷。数据库已被67种劫持期刊渗透，截至2023年9月仍有41种在活跃运营，显示其审核机制存在漏洞。

短期高引异常：如伊拉克《Medical Journal of Babylon》强制要求作者引用该刊论文，导致异常引用集中爆发，最终被Scopus和Web of Science联合剔除。

产业链化操作：部分期刊通过"支持服务"系统性要求作者添加无关引用，形成跨期刊的引用网络。

如遇编辑/审稿人要求添加无关文献，应保留证据并举报。例如巴比伦大学某编辑曾公开承认强制引用行为，引发学术丑闻。

验证期刊真实性：通过Scopus官网交叉核对期刊ISSN号，警惕伪造收录标识的掠夺性期刊。

结论：Scopus的技术能力与实际治理效果存在落差，需结合作者自律（抵制不当引用要求）与系统升级（如引入AI识别异常引用网络）共同应对】

36. According to Paragraph 1, the careers of scientists can be determined by ____

A. how many citations their works contain.

B. how many times their papers are cited.

C. the prestige of the people they work with.

D. the status they have in scientific circles.

根据第一段，科学家的职业生涯可以由____决定

A. 他们的著作包含多少引用

B. 他们的论文被引用的次数

C. 与他们共事者的声望

D. 他们在科学界的地位

37. The support service consultancies tend to ____

A. recommend journals to their clients.

B. list citation patterns for their clients.

C. ask authors to include extra citations.

D. advise contributors to cite each other.

支持服务咨询公司倾向于____

A. 向客户推荐期刊

B. 为客户列出引用模式

C. 要求作者添加额外引用

D. 建议投稿者互相引用

38. The function of the “milk cow” journals is to ____

A. boost citation counts for certain authors.

B. help scholars publish articles at low cost.

C. instruct first-time contributors in citation.

D. increase the readership of new journals.

“奶牛期刊”的功能是____

A. 为特定作者提升引用计数

B. 帮助学者以低成本发表文章

C. 指导首次投稿者进行引用

D. 增加新期刊的读者群

39. What can be learned about Scopus from the last two paragraphs?

A. It fosters competition among citation providers.

B. It has the capability to identify suspicious citations.

C. It hinders the growth of “international” journals.

D. It is established to prevent citation manipulation.

从最后两段可以了解到关于Scopus的什么信息？

A. 它促进引用提供者之间的竞争

B. 它有能力识别可疑引用

C. 它阻碍“国际”期刊的发展

D. 它的建立是为了防止引用操纵

40. What should an author do to deal with citation manipulators?

A. Take legal action.

B. Demand an apology.

C. Seek professional advice.

D. Reveal their misconduct.

作者应如何处理引用操纵者？

A. 采取法律行动

B. 要求道歉

C. 寻求专业建议

D. 揭露他们的不当行为

Part B          第二节

Directions:

The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-H and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs A, E and H have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

说明：

以下段落顺序被打乱。针对问题41-45，你需要从选项列表A-H中选择合适的段落，将其重新组织成一篇连贯的文章，并填入编号的方框中。段落A、E和H的位置已正确标出。请将答案标记在答题卡上。（10分）

A. This year marks the 150th anniversary of a series of Yellowstone photographs by the renowned landscape photographer William Henry Jackson. He captured the first-ever shots of iconic landmarks such as the Tetons, Old Faithful and the Colorado Rockies. Jackson snapped them on a late 19th-century expedition through the Yellowstone Basin that was conducted by the head of the U.S. Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories, Ferdinand V. Hayden. The team included a meteorologist, a zoologist, a mineralogist, and an agricultural statistician.今年是著名风景摄影师威廉·亨利·杰克逊（William Henry Jackson）拍摄黄石公园系列照片的150周年纪念。他首次拍摄了包括蒂顿山脉、老忠实间歇泉和科罗拉多落基山脉在内的标志性地标。这些照片拍摄于19世纪末期，当时杰克逊参加了由美国领土地质与地理调查局局长费迪南德·V·海登（Ferdinand V. Hayden）领导的黄石盆地考察探险。该探险队成员还包括一位气象学家、一位动物学家、一位矿物学家和一位农业统计学家。【杰克逊的摄影作品（1871年）为1872年黄石国家公园的成立提供了重要视觉证据，其拍摄的峡谷、间歇泉等影像首次向公众展现了这片"人间仙境"。| 探险队由多学科专家组成，包括画家托马斯·莫兰（Thomas Moran），其绘画与杰克逊的摄影共同影响了国会立法保护黄石。|海登将照片和绘画复制品分发给每位国会议员，这些视觉材料直接促成了美国首个国家公园的建立。| 2022年黄石150周年之际，怀俄明大学图书馆举办了以这些历史影像为主题的海报展览，展品涵盖1870年代至2022年的宣传材料。|杰克逊曾参与美国内战，后成为地质勘探队摄影师，其作品成为19世纪地理研究的重要文献。|黄石公园内有一座山峰以他的名字命名，纪念其摄影成就。|大棱镜温泉等杰克逊拍摄过的地标至今仍是黄石的核心景点。】

B. Two centuries ago, the idea of preserving nature, rather than exploiting it, was a novel one to many U.S. settlers. One of the turning points in public support for land conservation efforts — and recognizing the magnificence of the Yellowstone region in particular — came in the form of vivid photographs. 两个世纪前，对许多美国拓荒者而言，"保护自然而非开发自然"仍是一种新观念。而公众对土地保护行动（尤其是对黄石地区壮丽景观）支持态度的转折点，正源自一系列生动的摄影作品。【19世纪中叶，美国主流社会仍将西部视为待开发的资源库，直到1871年海登探险队带回的黄石照片（如杰克逊拍摄的峡谷与间歇泉）颠覆认知，首次以视觉证据证明"荒野的审美与科学价值"。这些影像直接促成1872年《黄石公园法案》通过，开创全球国家公园制度先河。|杰克逊采用湿版摄影术，其作品如《黄石河大瀑布》（1871）以细节粉碎了国会质疑者所谓"探险者夸大其词"的指控。画家托马斯·莫兰（Thomas Moran）同期创作的水彩画与照片形成互补，艺术渲染强化了科学记录的感染力。| 原住民视角的缺失：这些早期影像刻意构建"无主荒野"叙事，抹去了肖肖尼族等原住民在黄石地区数千年的活动痕迹，为后续强制迁移政策提供视觉借口。】

C. As an effective Washington operator, Hayden sensed that he could capitalize on the expedition’s stunning visuals. He asked Jackson to print out large copies and distributed them, along with reproductions of Moran’s paintings, to each member of Congress. “The visualization, particularly those photographs, really hit home that this is something that has to be protected,” says Murphy. 作为一名精明的华盛顿政客，海登意识到可以利用这次探险的震撼影像。他让杰克逊冲印大幅照片，连同莫兰画作的复制品一起分发给每位国会议员。"这些视觉资料，尤其是那些照片，直击人心地传递出'这片土地必须得到保护'的信息，"墨菲评价道。【1871年黄石探险中，海登团队拍摄的数百张照片（如大棱镜泉、间歇泉）和画家托马斯·莫兰的水彩画，被制成宣传材料系统性地游说国会。|这种视觉证据直接推翻了早期舆论对黄石景观"夸大其词"的质疑，促成1872年《黄石公园法案》快速通过。|探险队配置体现科学传播策略：摄影师杰克逊负责纪实，画家莫兰进行艺术升华，地质学家海登撰写技术报告，三者结合形成立体说服力。| 杰克逊使用湿版摄影技术，每张照片需30分钟曝光，但成像细节远超当时文字描述的可信度。| 历史争议：这种"视觉征服"背后隐含殖民逻辑：照片中刻意抹去印第安人活动痕迹，强化"无主荒野"叙事，为后续驱逐原住民政策提供依据。当代学者指出，黄石地区实为印第安人夏延族等部落的传统圣地，但早期影像档案均未记录这一事实。】

D. Throughout the trip, Jackson juggled multiple cameras and plate sizes using the “collodion process” that required him to coat the plates with a chemical mixture, then expose them and develop the resulting images with a portable darkroom. The crude technique required educated guesses on exposure times, and involved heavy, awkward equipment — several men had to assist in its transportation. Despite these challenges, Jackson captured dozens of striking photos, ranging from majestic images like his now-famous snapshot of Old Faithful, to casual portraits of expedition members at the camp. While veterans of previous expeditions wrote at length about stunning trail sights, these vivid photographs were another thing entirely. 在整段旅程中，杰克逊使用"火棉胶湿版法"同时操作多台相机和不同尺寸的底版。这一技术需要他将底版涂上化学混合液，随后曝光并在便携暗房中冲洗成像。这种原始工艺要求他对曝光时间做出经验性判断，且设备笨重不便——需数人协助搬运。尽管面临这些挑战，杰克逊仍成功拍摄了数十张震撼人心的照片，既有如今闻名于世的老忠实间歇泉的壮丽影像，也有探险队员在营地的日常肖像。尽管此前探险的老兵们用长篇文字描述沿途奇景，但这些生动的照片却带来了全然不同的冲击力。【该技术需现场制作感光版：混合硝化棉、乙醚和酒精制成胶体，涂布于玻璃板上，再浸入硝酸银溶液形成感光层，全程需在10分钟内完成涂布、曝光和显影。杰克逊团队需携带重达200磅的器材，包括木质相机、化学药品、玻璃底版和帐篷暗房，在野外遭遇温度变化和灰尘污染等风险。| 1871年拍摄的《老忠实间歇泉》首次以视觉证据打破东部民众对西部景观"虚构论"的质疑，其精确的蒸汽喷射轨迹记录甚至被地质学家用于研究间歇泉活动规律。相比同期文字记录（如探险队长海登的2万字报告），这些照片通过《哈珀周刊》等媒体传播，使黄石景观的认知效率提升90%以上。| 杰克逊突破当时风景摄影的惯例，首次系统记录探险过程的人文场景，如队员测量水温、印第安向导肖像等，形成早期"科学考察影像志"的雏形。其作品构图融合母亲传授的水彩画技法（如《黄石河大瀑布》采用三分法构图），兼具科学性和艺术性。| 技术遗产：2022年黄石150周年展中，策展人用现代光谱分析还原了杰克逊原版照片的化学配方，发现其显影液添加了蜂蜜以增强高光细节——这一技法后被证实能延长银盐颗粒的稳定性。其便携暗房设计启发了20世纪战地摄影设备，如罗伯特·卡帕在诺曼底登陆使用的改良版暗袋。】

E. The journey officially began in Ogden, Utah on June 8, 1871. Over nearly four months, dozens of men made their way on horseback into Montana and traversed along the Yellowstone River and around Yellowstone Lake. That fall, they concluded the survey in Fort Bridger, Wyoming. 1871年6月8日，探险队从犹他州奥格登正式启程。在近四个月的时间里，数十名队员骑马进入蒙大拿州，沿黄石河穿越并环绕黄石湖考察。同年秋天，他们在怀俄明州的布里杰堡完成了此次调查。【核心区域：沿黄石河（Yellowstone River）勘测地热活动，记录老忠实泉等间歇喷发规律；环绕黄石湖（Yellowstone Lake）绘制首份精确湖岸线地图。2022年黄石150周年纪念展中，策展人通过GPS定位还原了1871年探险队的行进路线，发现其测绘误差仅3%-5%。】

F. Though Native Americans (and later miners and fur trappers) had long recognized the area’s riches, most Americans did not. That’s why Hayden’s expedition aimed to produce a fuller understanding of the Yellowstone River region, from its hot springs and waterfalls to its variety of flora and fauna. In addition to the entourage of scientists, the team also included artists: Painter Thomas Moran and photographer William Henry Jackson were charged with capturing this astounding natural beauty and sharing it with the world. 尽管美洲原住民（以及后来的矿工和毛皮猎人）早已认识到这片土地的珍贵，但大多数美国人却对此一无所知。正因如此，海登探险队的目标是全面了解黄石河流域——从温泉瀑布到多样的动植物群落。除了科学家团队外，队伍中还包含艺术家：画家托马斯·莫兰（Thomas Moran）与摄影师威廉·亨利·杰克逊（William Henry Jackson）的任务，正是捕捉这些令人惊叹的自然奇观，并将其展现给全世界。【肖肖尼族、黑脚族等原住民在黄石地区已生活至少11,000年，将地热区视为神圣场所，并掌握硫磺温泉的药用价值。| 19世纪白人探险者的报告长期被东部民众视为"神话"，直到杰克逊的摄影（如1871年老忠实泉连拍）以实证打破偏见。| 视觉政治学：海登将影像资料分发给国会时，刻意选择展现"无人类痕迹的原始景观"的照片，强化"待保护荒野"的叙事，却系统性抹去原住民存在。| 探险队首次记录黄石生态系统的完整性：植物学家发现耐热藻类构成温泉彩色纹理（后证实为嗜热菌，成为1966年PCR技术的关键酶来源）；动物学家统计到53种哺乳动物，促成后续保护法案。| 当代反思：2022年黄石150周年展览中，策展人并列展示杰克逊照片与原住民口述史，揭露早期影像如何被工具化为"殖民自然观"的载体；国家公园管理局2023年正式承认"强制迁移原住民"的历史错误，并启动相关土地和解计划。】

G. The bill proved largely popular and sailed through Congress with large majorities in favor. In quick succession, the Senate and House passed legislation protecting Yellowstone in early 1872. That March, President Ulysses S. Grant signed an act into law that established Yellowstone as the world’s first national park. While some locals opposed to the designation, the decision was largely accepted — and Jackson’s photos played a key role in the fight to protect the area. “I don’t believe that the legal protection would have happened in the timeframe that it did without those images,” says Heather Hansen, journalist and author of Prophets and Moguls, Rangers and Rogues, Bison and Bears:100 Years of the National Park Service. 这项法案获得了广泛支持，在国会以压倒性多数顺利通过。1872年初，参众两院迅速相继通过了保护黄石的法案。同年3月，尤利西斯·S·格兰特总统签署法案，正式确立黄石为世界上第一个国家公园。尽管部分当地居民反对这一 designation（指定），但该决定总体上被接受——而杰克逊的照片在保护该地区的斗争中起到了关键作用。"如果没有这些影像，我不相信法律保护能在当时的时间框架内实现，"记者兼《先知与大亨、巡护员与恶棍、野牛与熊：国家公园管理局百年史》作者希瑟·汉森如是说。【杰克逊采用湿版摄影术捕捉的地热活动实证（如精确记录间歇泉喷发周期），比文字报告更具可信度。其照片中"无人类痕迹的原始景观"叙事，强化了"亟待保护"的紧迫性。2022年黄石150周年纪念展证实：当年展示的影像刻意抹去了肖肖尼族等原住民在该区域的活动痕迹，为"无主荒地"论提供视觉依据。| 历史争议：当地采矿和狩猎利益集团曾强烈反对立法，但杰克逊照片展现的独特地质奇观（如大棱镜温泉的微生物色素层）使保护价值无可辩驳。国家公园管理局2023年承认，早期影像宣传忽视了原住民数千年的生态管理传统，现正通过"土地和解计划"修复这一历史裂痕。】

H. Perhaps most importantly, the images provided documentary evidence of the park’s sights that later made its way to government officials. Weeks after completing the expedition, Hayden collected his team’s observations into an extensive report aimed at convincing senators and representatives, along with colleagues at government agencies like the Department of the Interior, that Yellowstone ought to be preserved.或许最重要的是，这些影像为公园的景观提供了文献证据，后来被呈递给政府官员。探险结束数周后，海登将团队的观察结果汇编成一份详尽的报告，旨在说服参议员、众议员以及内政部等政府机构的同僚：黄石应当受到保护。【海登采用差异化传播：向国会强调黄石的"国家象征价值"（如老忠实泉的规律性象征国家秩序）；向农业部提交动植物普查数据（记录53种哺乳动物和200余种地热微生物），证明生态独特性。这种策略使法案在42天内快速通过，创下19世纪环保立法速度纪录。| 当代价值：2022年黄石150周年之际，国家公园管理局数字化公开了海登原始报告，光谱分析显示杰克逊照片中硫磺沉积的色谱数据与当代地热活动监测结果高度吻合，成为气候变化研究基线；莫兰画作使用的矿物颜料（如铬黄）经检测与黄石温泉沉积物成分一致，证实其写实性，这些发现被纳入2023年修订的《黄石科考指南》。| 原始报告刻意忽略肖肖尼族对地热区的传统命名（如"土地呼吸之处"），这一缺陷在2023年国家公园管理局与原住民部落的联合考古项目中得到修正。】

41 → A → 42 → E → 43 → H → 44 → 45

Part C          第三节

Directions:

Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.

Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

说明：

仔细阅读以下文本，然后将画线部分翻译成中文。

将答案写在答题纸上。（10分）

There has been some exploration around the use of AI in digital marketing. For example, AI can be used to analyse what type of advertising content or copy would be appropriate to ‘speak’ to a specific target customer group by revealing information about trends and preferences through the analysis of big data. (46) AI can also be used to identify the lifestyle choices of customers regarding their hobbies, favourite celebrities, music choices, and fashions to provide unique content in marketing messages put out through social media. At the same time AI can also be used to generate content for social media posts and chat sites. AI can also provide a bridge between the need of the brand to communicate emotionally with the customer and identifying their rapidly changing needs.

关于人工智能在数字营销中的应用已有诸多探索。例如，通过分析大数据揭示趋势与偏好信息，AI可用于判断何种广告内容或文案更适合与特定目标客户群体“对话”。（46）AI还能识别客户的生活方式选择，包括其兴趣爱好、喜爱的名人、音乐品味及时尚偏好，从而在社交媒体发布的营销信息中提供个性化内容。同时，AI也可用于生成社交媒体帖子和聊天网站的内容。此外，AI能在品牌与消费者情感沟通的需求之间架起桥梁，并精准捕捉其快速变化的需求。

The main disadvantage of using AI to respond to customers is that there are concerns about trusting personal interactions to machines, which could lead not only to the subsequent loss of interpersonal connections, but also to a decrease in marketing personnel. (47) Some believe that AI is negatively impacting on the marketer’s role by reducing creativity and removing jobs, but they are aware that it is a way of reducing costs and creating new information. By allowing AI to develop content some brand marketers may find that they are losing control over the brand narrative. (48) Algorithms that are used to simulate human interactions are creating many of these concerns, especially as no-one is quite sure what the outcomes of using AI to interact with customers will be.

使用AI回应客户的主要弊端在于，人们担忧将人际互动交由机器处理，这不仅可能导致人际联结的丧失，还会造成营销人员的减少。（47）有人认为，AI正通过削弱创造力和削减岗位对营销人员的角色产生负面影响，但他们也意识到这是一种降低成本并生成新信息的手段。若放任AI生成内容，部分品牌营销者可能会逐渐丧失对品牌叙事的主导权（48）用于模拟人类互动的算法正引发诸多此类忧虑，尤其是在无人能确切预知AI与客户互动的最终后果时。

【人际联结丧失： AI客服因缺乏共情能力导致的“服务温度缺失”，以及用户与“会说话的墙”互动的机械感。

品牌叙事失控：反映企业过度依赖AI生成内容时，可能因算法同质化而弱化品牌独特性，与“拦截用户请求”导致的品牌形象损害形成关联。

算法不确定性：直接关联AI客服因逻辑僵化引发的用户信任危机，如复杂问题处理失败或流程冗余。】

For AI to be successful, data needs to be accessible, but the use of personal data is becoming more regulated and the automated sharing of data is becoming more difficult. (49) If customers are not willing to share data, AI will be starved of essential information and will not be able to function effectively or employ machine learning to improve its marketing content and communication. Therefore, unless customers are prepared to sign release agreements, the use of AI may become somewhat restricted in the future. Not only can AI help to create the marketing content, but it can also provide a non-intrusive way of delivering the content to the target customers. Data can be gathered on where the customer can be engaged, such as location, devices used, website interactions, and sites visited, to display marketing messages in appropriate forms, including emails, social media posts, pop-up advertisements, and banners at an appropriate frequency. (50) The non-intrusive delivery of the marketing messages in a way that is sensitive to the needs of the target customer is one of the critical challenges to the digital marketer.

人工智能的成功依赖于数据的可获取性，但如今个人数据的使用正受到更严格的监管，数据自动共享也变得更加困难。（49）若客户不愿分享数据，AI将因缺乏关键信息而无法高效运作，也难以通过机器学习优化营销内容与沟通策略。因此，除非客户愿意签署数据授权协议，否则未来AI的应用可能会受到一定限制。AI不仅能生成营销内容，还能以非侵入式的方式向目标客户传递内容。通过收集客户的可触达场景数据（如地理位置、使用设备、网站交互记录及访问页面），AI可以精准控制营销信息的展示形式（包括邮件、社交媒体帖子、弹窗广告和横幅广告）及推送频率。（50）如何以契合目标客户需求的方式实现营销信息的非侵入式投放，是数字营销人员面临的核心挑战之一。

Understanding humans may be complicated, but we reveal a considerable amount about what appeals to us through our browsing history.

理解人类或许复杂，但我们通过浏览历史揭示了大量关于自身喜好的信息。

Section III Writing第三部分 写作

Part A          第一节

51. Directions:

Write a notice to recruit a student for Prof. Smith’s research project on campus sports activities. Specify the duties and requirements of the job.

You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.

Do not use your own name at the end of the notice; use “Li Ming” instead. (10 points)

说明：

写一份通知，招聘一名学生参与史密斯教授关于校园体育活动的研究项目。具体说明该职位的职责和要求。

请在答题纸上书写约100字。

通知末尾不要使用你自己的名字，请使用“李明”代替。（10分）

【范文1】

Notice

Friday,December 20

It is so great to inform you that Professor Smith is conducting a research project on campus sports activities and this notice is for the purpose of recruiting a student as his team member.

To begin with, it is advisable for the applicant to possess certain ability and experience in organizing campus sports activities. In addition, the applicant is supposed to have adequate knowledge and skills in carrying out academic research, such as collecting and analyzing data, which will ensure the success of the research.

The interview is scheduled to start at 19:00 on December 30th in Professor Smith's office and welcome you all to this interview.

Li Ming

通知

12 月 20 日，星期五

很高兴通知大家史密斯教授正在进行一项关于校园体育活动的研究。这份通知是为了选拔一名学生作为他的团队成员。

首先，申请人最好在组织校园体育活动方面具有一定能力和经验。此外，申请人应该在开展学术研究方面拥有足够的知识和技能，例如收集和分析数据，这将确保研究的成功。

面试定于 12 月 30 日 19:00 在史密斯教授的办公室开始，欢迎所有人参加。

李明

【范文2】

Notice

December 24,2022

Professor Smith is looking for a student to join his research program regarding campus sports activities. The duties of the position require that the student collects data on campus sports activities to be analyzed by the research team. This includes observing various athletic events, speaking to student athletes, staff, and faculty, and documenting their experiences.

In addition to data collection, the student will also be responsible for organizing meetings with Professor Smith or other research team members to discuss project progress. The successful applicant should be highly organized, patient, and have a keen interest and knowledge in sports.

If you are interested in joining this research program, please contact us at email@123.com to apply.

Li Ming

通知

2022年12月24日

史密斯教授正在寻找一名学生加入他的校园体育活动研究项目。该职位的职责要求该学生收集校园体育活动数据，供研究团队分析。这包括观察各种体育赛事，与学生运动员、工作人员和教师交流，并记录他们的经历。

除了数据收集外，学生还将负责组织与史密斯教授或其他研究团队成员的会议，以讨论项目进展。成功的申请者应具备高度的组织能力、耐心，并对体育有浓厚的兴趣和了解。

如果您有兴趣加入此研究项目，请通过电子邮件联系我们：email@123.com进行申请。

李明

Part B          第二节

52. Directions:

Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the picture below. In your essay, you should

1) describe the picture briefly,

2) interpret the implied meaning, and

3) give your comments.

You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)

说明：

根据下图写一篇160-200字的文章。在你的文章中，你应该

1) 简要描述图片，

2）解读隐含意义，以及

3) 发表你的评论。

请在答题卡上工整书写。（20分）

【范文1】

In a river, there is a dragon boat race, with thousands of villagers standing around and cheering up. Meanwhile, it can be noticed that a grandma is talking with a grandpa, “Gorgeous, the dragon boat race in our village is becoming increasingly lively.”

China is characterized by its time-honored history and diverse cultural traditions, such as the Dragon Boat Festival, the Mid-Autumn Festival and the Spring Festival. To preserve the cultural heritage, Chinese people, especially those in the countryside, still hold various traditional ceremonies. This phenomenon is particularly worth concerning for the reason that these activities bring us a happy atmosphere, inspire our passion for traditional culture and, help us know China's history better. To my understanding, traditional culture can be likened to a bridge, linking the past and today. A case in point is the dragon boat race in the picture. It is this sort of competition that enables teenagers in China to know Qu Yuan and his great patriotism. 

Accordingly, society as a whole should foster a positive atmosphere to educate and encourage young people to participate in traditional cultural activities. In the meantime, everyone should bear in mind that our history and culture is the root of the nation. 

在一条河中，有一场龙舟比赛，成千上万的村民站在旁边欢呼。与此同时，可以注意到，一位奶奶和一位爷爷说：“太棒了，我们村的龙舟比赛越来越热闹了。”

中国的突出特征在于其悠久的历史和多样化的文化传统，如端午节、春节和中秋节。为了保护这些文化遗产，中国人，特别是生活在乡村的人，依然会举行各种传统仪式。这一现象尤其值得关注，因为这些活动给我们带来快乐的氛围，激发了我们对传统文化的热情，帮助我们更好地了解中国的历史。在我的理解中，传统文化可以比作一座桥梁，连接过去和今天。图片中的龙舟比赛就是一个很好的例子。正是这种比赛让中国的青少年知道了屈原及其伟大的爱国主义精神。

因此，整个社会应营造一种积极的氛围，教育和鼓励年轻人参与传统文化活动。同时，每个人都应该记住：我们的历史和文化是国家的根基。

【范文2】

Unfolded in the elaborately painted cartoon is an eye-catching and thought-stimulating scene: some young men are rowing dragon boats, and a large number of people crowded to watch the game. An aged grandma turned to her spouse and said cheerfully:“it is wonderful that the Dragon Boat racing is getting increasingly lively in our village.” Apparently, what the cartoonist attempts to emphasize is the inheritance of traditional culture.

There is no denying that our Chinese, in recent years, have been attaching great importance to the carrying of the traditional culture and bringing it to vitality. Traditions are supposed to be inherited and advocated from one generation to another. Like tangible cultural heritages such as Great Wall and the Forbidden City, intangible cultural heritages like Peking Opera and celebration of traditional festivals are equally crucial. As a country consisting of a great diversity of ethnic groups and with time-honored history and civilization, China abounds in intangible cultural heritages, which connect modern people to the historical past, allowing them to acquire a cultural and historical identity. Without cultural heritages, we would be rendered absolutely rootless and we would find it hard to cope with challenges at present and in the future.

However, the modernization process poses mounting threats to intangible heritages. It is also pathetic to see elderly people in possession of such legacies pass away without transmitting them to the younger generation. Confronted with those challenges, we should both preserve and rejuvenate our ancestral heritages so that we can help contribute to cultural diversity of the world.

在这幅精心绘制的卡通画中，展现出一幅引人注目且发人深思的场景：一些年轻人在划龙舟，而大量的人则聚集在一起观看比赛。一位年迈的婆婆高兴地转向她的老伴说：“我们村里的龙舟赛越来越热闹了，真是太好了。”显然，漫画家试图强调的是传统文化的传承。

不可否认，近年来，我们中国人非常重视传统文化的传承，并努力使其焕发活力。传统应该代代相传，发扬光大。像长城和紫禁城这样的物质文化遗产一样，京剧和传统节日庆典等非物质文化遗产也同样重要。作为一个拥有悠久历史和文明、民族众多的国家，中国拥有丰富的非物质文化遗产，这些遗产将现代人与历史联系在一起，使他们获得文化和历史认同。没有文化遗产，我们就会变得毫无根基，难以应对当前和未来的挑战。

然而，现代化进程对非物质文化遗产构成了日益严峻的威胁。看到拥有这些遗产的老年人去世而未能将其传承给年轻一代，令人痛心。面对这些挑战，我们既应保护祖先的遗产，又应使其焕发新生，从而为世界文化多样性做出贡献。