考研
英语
【长难句每日打卡】day 47
2008-1-ReadingPartA-T4-6-2
文章主题：《美国开国元勋们对奴隶制的复杂态度》
Washington, who had begun to believe that all men were created equal after observing the bravery of the black soldiers during the Revolutionary War, overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will.
词汇：
1.will n.遗嘱
2.slave n.奴隶
3.grant v.正式授予、给予
【Step 1】找谓语
Washington, who had begun to believe that all men were created equal after observing the bravery of the black soldiers during the Revolutionary War, overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will.
·动词 had begun 时态：过去完成时
·动词 were created 被动语态+时态：一般过去时
·动词 overcame 时态：一般过去时
【Step 2】断句
Washington, [who had begun to believe <that all men were created equal> after observing the bravery of the black soldiers during the Revolutionary War], overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will.
解析：本句包含2个从句：一个who引导的非限制性定语从句；一个that引导的宾语从句。
who引导的非限制性定语从句：
Washington, [who had begun to believe <...>after observing the bravery of the black soldiers during the Revolutionary War]
判断方法：1.位置：在名词|代词后<在名词Washington后>；2.指代功能：该名词Washington指人<who指代Washington在从句中作had begun的主语>。
that引导的宾语从句：
...believe <that all men were created equal>
判断方法：1.位置：在动词|介词后<在动词believe后>。
重点成分标注：
主语：在句首|谓语前
宾语：在动词|介词后
表语：在系动词后
主语：蓝色；谓语：红色；表语：绿色；宾语：紫色；宾补：深蓝
主句：
Washington, [...], overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will.
其中，
1.of his relatives——介宾结构作后置定语修饰名词opposition；
2.to grant his slaves their freedom in his will——非谓语短语作目的状语
补充：非谓语短语在句子中所充当的成分总结：
who引导的非限制性定语从句：
Washington, [who had begun to believe <...>after observing the bravery of the black soldiers during the Revolutionary War]
其中，
1.after observing the bravery of the black soldiers during the Revolutionary War——时间状语
that引导的宾语从句：
...believe <that all menwere created equal>
其中，
1.equal——对主语进行补充说明，即主补。
【Step 3】翻译
Washington, [who had begun to believe <that all men were created equal> after observing the bravery of the black soldiers during the Revolutionary War], overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will.
主句：
中文：Washington, [...], overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will.
英文：华盛顿克服了亲戚的强烈反对，以在遗嘱中赋予其奴隶自由。
who引导的非限制性定语从句：
英文：Washington, [who had begun to believe <...>after observing the bravery of the black soldiers during the Revolutionary War]
中文：在革命战争中观察到黑人士兵的勇敢之后，华盛顿开始认为...
翻译解释：
1.非限制性定语从句通常采取后置译法，即单独成句+重复先行词；
2.after时间状语采取前置译法——参考该链接中状语的翻译考研英语真题长难句攻坚计划｜Day40
that引导的宾语从句：
英文：...believe <that all men were created equal>
1.will n.遗嘱；意志力
2.slave n.奴隶
3.grant v.正式授予、给予
4.opposition n.反对
无
END
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