中考英语230个同源词汇合集（一）
A
1. accept (v.)→ refuse(反义词 v.)拒绝 2. accident(n.)→ accidental(adj.)意外的；偶然的 3. achieve(v.)→achievement(n.) 成就；成绩 4. active(adj.)→ activity(n.)活动 5. advantage(n.)→ disadvantage (n.反义词)缺点；不利条件 6. advice (n.)→advise(v.) 建议；劝告→ suggest (v.同义词)劝告；建议→suggestion (n.同义词)劝告 7. agree(v.)→ disagree(v.反义词)不赞成→ agreement(n.)意见一致→disagreement(n.反义词)不赞成 8. art(n.)→ artist(n.)艺术家 9. Asia (n.)→Asian(adj.) 亚洲的；亚洲人的 10. Australia (n.)→Australian(adj.&n.)澳大利亚(人)的；澳大利亚人 11. wake (v.)醒来→awake(adj.)→sleep (v.)睡觉→ asleep(adj.)睡着的→ sleepy(adj.)困倦的 |
B
12. bad(adj.)→ badly(adv.)差；严重地 13. beautiful (adj.)→beautifully(adv.)美好地；漂亮地→beauty(n.)美；美丽 14. beauty(n.)→beautiful(adj.)美丽的 15. begin(v.)→beginning(n.)开头；开端 16. behave(v.)→ behavior(n.)表现；举止 17. believe (v.)→believable(adj.) 可信任的→unbelievable (反义词adj.) 难以置信的 18. big(adj.)→large/huge (同义词adj.)巨大的；大的→small (反义词adj.)小的；小号的 19. birth(n.)→ birthday(n.)生日→bear (v.)出生→born (过去分词)出生 20. bored(adj.)→boring(adj.)令人感到厌倦的 21. borrow (v.)→lend(反义词v.) 借出；借给 22. break(n.&v.)→broken(adj.)破损的 23. build (v.)建造→building(n.) 24. busy(adj.)→ business (n.)生意；商业→ free (adj.反义词)空闲的 25. buy(v.)→ buying(现在分词)→ bought (过去式)购买 |
C
26. care (v.)→careful(adj.) 小心的；细致的→careless(adj.反义词)粗心的；不小心的→carefully(adv.)细小心地；谨慎地→caring(adj.) 体贴人的 27. center (n.)→central(adj.) 中央的；中心的 28. cheap (adj.)便宜的→cheaply(adv.)→ expensive(反义词)贵的 29. child(n.)→children(pl.)儿童 30. choose (v.)选择→choice(n.) 31. clear (adj.)→clearly(adv.) 清晰地 32. climb (v.)→climber(n.) 登山者；攀登者 33. close(v.)→close (adj.)近的→closed(adj.)关着的 34. cloud (n.)云→cloudy(adj.) 35. collect (v.)→collection(n.) 收藏品；收藏 36. comfortable(adj.)→comfortably(adv.) 舒适地；舒服地 37. communicate (v.)→communication(n.) 交流；沟通 38. compete(v.)→ competition(n.)竞争→ competitor(n.) 竞争者 39. complete(v.)完成→completely(adv.) 40. congratulate (v.) 祝贺→congratulation(n.) 41. cook(v.)→ cook (n.)厨师→ cooker(n.)厨具 42. correct(adj.)→incorrect (反义词)→ correctly(adv.)正确地 43. create (v.)→creative(adj.) 有创造力的→creativity(n.) 创造力 44. cross(v.)→across(adv.&prep.)过；穿过→crossing(n.)十字路口 |
词性转换分类汇总
1.动词转换为名词的常见方式 1)“动词+ion” 例如:pollute→pollution, invent→invention, discuss→ discussion,decide→ decision 注意:review→revision solve→solution 2)“动词去 e+ ation" 例如:invite→invitation, organize→organization 3)“动词+er” 例如:work→worker, teach→teacher, write→writer, speak→speaker, run→runner, win→winner 4)“动词+or” 例如:invent→inventor, act→actor,visit→+visitor,calculate→→calculator 5)“动词+ing” 例如:build→building, begin→beginning, paint→painting, mean→meaning 6)“动词十 ment" 例如:develop→development, amuse→amusement 7)“动词十 ress" 例如:wait→waitress,act→actress 8)"动词十 ance" 例如:appear→appearance,perform→performance 9)其他 serve→service服务speak→speech 演讲fish→fisherman 渔夫 enter→entrance 入口know→knowledge 知识weigh→weight 重量 please→pleasure 愉快choose→choice 选择 tour→tourist 游客 die→death 死亡succeed→success 成功fly-→flight 飞行、航班 memorize-memory 记忆mix--mixture 混合物cook→cook 厨师 save→safety 安全act→activity 活动able→ability 能力 2. 动词转换为形容词的常见方式 1)”动词+ive" 例如:act→active, attract→attractive 2)“动词+ able" 例如:change→changeable, enjoy→enjoyable 3)“动词+ing" 例如:excite→exciting, follow→following, freeze→freezing寒冷的/(frozen 冷冻的) 4)“动词+ ed” 例如:frighten→frightened, bore→bored 5)“动词+ ful" 例如:forget→forgetful 健忘的/unforgettable 难忘的 6)其他: 例如:depend→independent独立的，like→likely, break→broken, die→dead, live→alive Please v.→pleasure n.→*pleasant令人愉快的(指物)/pleased满意的(指人) widen→wideenrich→richenable→able 3，名词转换为形容词的常见方式 1)“名词+ ful" 例如:care→careful, use→useful, power→powerful 2)"名词+ less" 例如:care→careless, home-→homeless,help→+helpless 3)“名词+ly" 例如:friend→friendly, love-→lovely 4)“名词+y" 例如:sun→sunny, wind→windy, health→healthy, noise→noisy, luck→lucky, fun→funny 5)“名词+ing” 例如:interest→interesting 6)“名词+n" 例如:America→American, Australia→Australian 7)“名词+ ern" 例如:south→southern, north→northern 8)“名词+ ous” 例如:danger→dangerous 9)“名词+ en” 例如:wood→wooden, gold→golden,wool→woolen 10)“名词+al" 例如:nation→national, education→educational,medicine→medical,nature→natural chemistry→chemical,history→historical,physics→physical,tradition→traditional 11) 其他 例如:office→officialfool→foolishforeigner→foreign wound→wounded electricity电→electric电的→electrical与电有关的→electronic电子的 4.形容词转换为名词的常见方式 1)“形容词+y" 例如:difficult→difficulty, honest--honesty 2)“形容词词尾t改成ce" 例如:different→difference, important→importance 3)“形容词+ ness" 例如;ill→illness, kind→kindness,sad→sadness,happy→happiness 4)“形容词+ dom" 例如:free→freedom, wise→→wisdom 5)其他 例如:high→ height long→length true→truth responsible→responsibility 5. 形容词转换为副词的常见方式 1)“形容词+ly“ 例如:quiet→quietcareful→carefullymain→mainly 2)“形容词去y加 ily” 例如:easy→easilyheavy→heavilylucky→luckily 3)“形容词le 结尾的，去c变y” 例如:possible→ possibly gentle→gentlyterrible→terrible 4)“形容词e结尾的，去e变ly“ 例如:true→truly(只有true 特殊)nice→nicely 5)“形容词不变” 例如:early 早 late 晚hard 难的:努力地fast 快wide(宽的)/widely(广 泛的) 6.名词转换为名词的常见方式 例如:art→artistscience→scientistpiano→pianist city→citizen custom→customerengine→+engineer friend→friendship business→businessman law→lawyer library→librarian music→musicianoffice→officer(职员)/official(官员) 7.词性转换中前缀的使用 例如:possible→impossible (polite, patient) tell→retell (build, write,use) healthy→unhealthy(happy,lucky) honest→dishonest appear→disappear(like) male→female regular-irregular 8.国名--国籍 例如:Australia--AustralianAmerica--AmericanCanada--Canadian Britain--BritishEngland-English Italy--Italian France--FrenchGermany--German (德国人复数Germans) China--ChineseJapan--JapaneseKorea--Korean |
不同词性的灵活转换与运用，才是中考英语的重点。
1、动词变名词
比如：health——healthy 健康的
2、形容词变名词
比如：accurate——accuracy 准确性
3、名词/动词变形容词
比如：balance —— balanced 平衡的
4、形容词变动词
比如：modern——modernize 使...现代化
5、形容词变副词
比如：bright——brightly 明亮地
【名词变复数】
1. We need to throw away these ______to make room for our new furniture. (box)
2. They are all Chinese_____ and deserve our thanks and our respect. (hero)
3. I have just eaten two tasty______with butter and jam. (sandwich)
4. When disaster strikes, everyone tries to avoid it. Only______are moving towards it. (hero)
5. Kate bought lots of ______from the market yesterday morning.(strawberry)
6. To reduce the spread of virus(病毒), Many countries stop ______from entering.(foreign)
7. The ______ on show are all excellent, you can choose any of them. (piano)
8. It's really enjoyable to have a close look at different ______ in Italy. (church)
9. We watched the children sweeping ______into piles in the street. (leaf)
10. The retired pilot enjoys telling ______ about his career to the students. (story)
11. More often children can't go to sleep without some bedtime_______. (story)
12. I'm fond of eating fruit Mangoes and______ are my favorite. (strawberry)
13 Don't bother to go out. All ______are closed. (library)
14.People are wearing masks to cover their ______and noses to prevent smog. (mouth)
15. Robben owns some furniture______in Wuhan.(factory)
【基数序数转换】
1. This is the ______time for me to teach you the grammar rules. (five)
2. The_____ holiday is New Years holiday. We have all their family over. (one)
3. Jerry, it's the______time that you have missed the school bus this week. (four)
4. Dick will be______next Sunday. We're going to hold a party for him. (ninth)
5. We live on the ______ floor of that tall building. (nine)
6. Every student in the______Grade is working hard to get ready for the high school entrance examination. (nine)
7. Sue has already set up her own company in her early_____.(thirty)
8. The doctor told Windy to exercise at least______a week if she wanted to keep healthy. (two)
9. It is said that the successful writer released her ______book at age of 15. (one)
10. Steven's office is on the ______floor and he usually walks upstairs. (five)
11. Take the lift to the ______ floor, and you will have a better view of the city (twelve)
12. Lily is a web fiction writer and she published her tenth book in her ______.(thirty)
13. University of Cambridge is the________oldest university in the world still teaching. (four)
14. Ben is the_____child in a family of eight. (seven)
【变否定】
1. Jack was sick in hospital because of his ________dict. (healthy)
2. We all look forward to the day when COVID-19 will_____. (appear)
3. Do you know what makes so many planes and ships________ Bermuda Triangle(百大三角).(appear)
4. The assistant felt angry about the _________rules of the company. (fair)
5. The string of the kite broke suddenly and the kite________in the sky. (appear)
6.One major ________ of that machine is too big for us to carry. (advantage)
7. The tree will grow better if you cut off the ________ leaves and branches.(necessary)
8. I don't think Mr. Brown was______, he just didn't know the truth. (honest)
9. Please keep it in mind it's awful to make friends with those________people. (honest)
10. I think we have to be very________ about receiving gifts from others. (careless)
11. I like eating hamburger and chocolate, but they are________food. (healthy)
12. It seems________that our school has only picked the best students to attend the meeting.(fair)
13. Sara had a different idea and didn't listen to anyone. It's________to change her mind.(possible)
【名词动词转换】
1. We are trying to find a good ________to deal with the environmental problems. (solve)
2. In the end, we all decided to________ a charity sale for the sick people. (organization)
3. The boy is so good with the________of colors. (choose)(奉贤二模)
4. Before the sun rose. the old ________went to the sea to look for the lost boat again. (fish)
5. All of the trousers are well designed, and I don't know which one to________.(choice)
6. Don't worry. You'll ________ the problem with our support and help. (solution)
7. The suspect is still missing and there is no record of his ________yet. (die)
8.WHO is one of the most important international________in the world. (organize)
9. I ought to read the instructions before I ________this robot sweeper. (operation)
10. Because of the traffic jams, I missed the ________of the performance. (begin)
11. We should like to _________you to give us a speech on how to keep healthy, (invitation)
12. The elevator is out of_________right now, so we have to walk upstairs. (serve)
13. Studies have shown peoples short-term________becomes worse when they get older.(memorize)
14. The company offered a number of chances for teachers' professional________.(develop)
15. It's hard to ________whether I should go outing or stay at home this weekend. (decision)
16. The newly -built museum is ________ in the centre of our city.(location)
17. The supermarket near our neighborhood sell different kinds of meat________.(produce)
18. The police are looking for every possible clue to_________the murder case.(solution)
19. My family had a trip to Yunnan last summer to ________the beautiful scenery there.(joy)
20. The company had no way but to________its products in a lower price. (sale)
21. In the holiday, Linda loves to______some bread and cakes for the family. (baker)
【动词形容词转换】
1. Last night I had a cup of coffee in Starbucks, and then I found it hard to fall_______.(sleep)
2.Eating vegetables and exercising regularly can_______us to live a healthy life. (able)
3. Studying online with our teachers during the winter holidays will be an_______experience in our life. (forget)
4. Everybody can learn something new to _______his own life. (rich)
5. The paper box is_______. You may throw it away. (use)
6. It's________of the lady at the tourist office to give me some tips on where to visit .(help)
7. Mike could_______the mood from nervous to relaxed in a few minutes.(changeable)
8. The big smile on my teacher's face shows that he is quite ________with our work. (satisfy)
9. The company offers more time off and ________pay to someone experienced. (attract)10. My mother has become very_______and confused these days. (forget)
11. The old man was lying on the floor without anybody around, feeling______.(help)
12. To stay_______, those hungry people had to eat grass roots. (live)
13. I think online learning is really_______. It's a funnier way of learning. (enjoy)
14. Only teamwork will_______us to get the job done on time. (able)
15. We all think a_______driver is a danger to the public. (care)
【形容词副词转换】
1. Success in study _______depends on one's own efforts. (main)
2. The parents were thankful to see that their children came back home_______.(safe)
3. The artworks showed the artist was ________aware of the social problems of the day, (deep)
4. The shop assistant greeted the customers________with a smile at the entrance. (polite)
5. It's amazing that the young kid is able to recite the long passage _______.(correct)
6. Could you_______forget about the work for five minutes? (possible)
7. Several people were_______ hurt in that car accident last month. (serious)
8. Parents should teach their children to behave _______in public. (proper)
9. Nowadays Ali Pay and WeChat Pay are_______ used throughout the country. (wide)
10. The computer room has been rebuilt_______to allow for more courses. (recent)
11. The firemen set out _______as soon as they heard the alarm. (immediate)
12. Facial recognition(人脸识别) technology is_______used for Internet payment (wide)
13. It's nice to go for a trip in the countryside especially when the wind blows________(gentle)
14. My grandma has a very bad memory and forgets things_______. (easy)
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