中考英语词语辨析(高频80组)及测试题+答案+ 解析
四十六、can(能;可以)与be able to(能够)
【辨析要点】
1. 时态差异:① can只有一般现在时(can)和一般过去时(could)两种时态;② be able to有多种时态,可用于一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时、将来时等,适用范围更广。
2. 含义与用法:① can除表“能、可以”(能力、许可)外,还可表“可能”(否定句/疑问句);② be able to仅表“能够”(能力),不能表“许可”或“可能”。
3. 特殊用法:① can用于一般过去时表“过去的能力”,常指天生的或习惯性的能力;② be able to用于一般过去时表“过去的能力”,常指通过努力完成某事的能力。
【例句】
① He can speak English.(他会说英语。——一般现在时,能力)
② She could swim when she was five.(她五岁时就会游泳了。——一般过去时,天生能力)
③ He has been able to finish the work on time.(他已经能够按时完成工作了。——现在完成时)
④ We will be able to visit the museum tomorrow.(我们明天能够去参观博物馆。——将来时)
⑤ Can I borrow your pen?(我能借你的笔吗?——许可,can专属)
测试题
1. He ______ speak French when he was young. A. can B. could C. was able to D. both B and C
2. She ______ finish the task by herself. She needs help. A. can't B. isn't able to C. couldn't D. both A and B
3. They ______ have a picnic next weekend if the weather is fine. A. can B. will be able to C. could D. are able to
4. ______ I use your phone? My phone is dead. A. Can B. Am I able to C. Could I able to D. Do I able to
5. He ______ pass the exam after hard work. A. can B. could C. was able to D. is able to
答案及解析
1. 答案:D 解析:时间状语when he was young提示用一般过去时,表“过去会说法语”,could(can的过去式)和was able to均可表示过去的能力,故选D。
2. 答案:D 解析:结合句意“她不能自己完成任务,需要帮助”,表“不能”,一般现在时中,can't和isn't able to均可表示“不能”;couldn't是过去时,不符合语境,故选D。
3. 答案:B 解析:时间状语next weekend提示用将来时,be able to可用于将来时(will be able to);can和could无将来时形式,are able to是一般现在时,均不符合,故选B。
4. 答案:A 解析:结合句意“我能用一下你的手机吗?我的手机没电了”,表“许可”,用can;be able to不能表“许可”,C、D选项搭配错误(could后需接动词原形,able to前需用be动词),故选A。
5. 答案:C 解析:结合句意“经过努力后,他通过了考试”,表“过去通过努力完成某事的能力”,用was able to;can和is able to是一般现在时,could表过去习惯性能力(不强调努力),均不符合,故选C。