1.阅读下面短文,用括号内所给词的适当形式填空,必要时可加助动词或情态动词。
People spend almost a third of their lives doing one thing—sleeping. Every year, there is a day for people around the world to celebrate the ________ (important) of good and healthy sleep—World Sleep Day.
Sleep is like food for the brain. Healthy sleep helps the body and brain grow and develop. People of different ages need different amounts of sleep. It is said that eight hours per night ________ (consider) the average amount of sleep. For students aged 10 to 17, a healthy amount is about eight to nine hours per night. However, last year, the China Youth and Children Research Center ________ (report) that about four ________ (five) of middle school students didn't get enough sleep. For some students, they want to sleep early, but they keep ________ (worry) about their schoolwork and can't fall ________ (sleep) quickly. A lack (缺乏) of sleep can greatly affect (影响) a person's life. Students who don't get enough sleep may get poor grades. They cannot pay attention in class or do well in sports.
________ (solve) this kind of problem, scientists advise that students should have ________ (little) schoolwork and more time to sleep. There are some other ways to help people get enough sleep, such as ________ (take) a 20-minute nap (午睡) during the day, trying to go to sleep earlier and so on . Good sleeping habits are also ________ (help). For example, try to go to sleep and wake up at the same time every day, even on weekends and during the day.
【答案】 importance;is considered;reported;fifths;worrying/worried;asleep;To solve;less;taking;helpful
【解析】本文是一篇与睡眠有关的短文,讲述了睡眠与健康的关系,不同年龄的人需要不同的睡眠时间,中国青少年学生的睡眠现状以及解决措施等。
(1)句意:每年,世界各地都有一个节日来庆祝良好健康睡眠的重要性——世界睡眠日。由前面的定冠词the,可知此处应填入一个名词,important是形容词“重要的”,与其对应的名词是importance“重要”,故答案填importance。
(2)句意:据说每晚8小时的睡眠时间被认为是平均睡眠时间。由题干可知主语eight hours与动词consider之间存在被动关系,所以应用被动语态,文章时态为一般现在时,时间作主语谓语动词用单数,所以be动词用is,consider的过去分词是considered,故答案填is considered。
(3)句意:然而,去年中国青少年研究中心报道。由last year可知,动词时态用一般过去时,report的过去式为reported,故答案填reported。
(4)句意:大约五分之四的中学生睡眠不足。这里考查分数的表达方法,在英语中一般用基数词表示分数的分子,用序数词表示分数的分母;当分子大于1时,分母要用复数形式,所以五分之四的正确书写是four fifths,故答案填fifths。
(5)句意:对于一些学生来说,他们想早点睡觉,但是他们总是担心他们的学业。keep doing sth.或者keep+形容词,都表示“使…处于某种状态”,worried,是形容词,故答案填worrying/worried。
(6)句意:他们不能很快入睡。联系上文语境,结合提示词可知此处句意为“他们不能很快入睡。”“入睡”fall asleep,固定词组,前面有情态动词can't,所以这里用动词原形,故答案填asleep。
(7)句意:为了解决这类问题。这里应用动词不定式表示目的,故答案填To solve。
(8)句意:科学家建议学生应该少做功课,多睡觉。根据后面的more time to sleep可知此处应表达的是“作更少的功课”,句中暗含比较级,little的比较级为less,故答案填less。
(9)句意:比如白天小睡20分钟。such as意思是“比如”,as是介词后接动词ing形式,故答案填taking。
(10)句意:良好的睡眠习惯也很有帮助。前面有系动词are,后接形容词作表语,help“帮助”,动词,与其对应的形容词是helpful“有帮助的、有益的”,故答案填helpful。
【点评】考查语言综合运用能力,注意谓语的时态,语态,非谓语动词,词性,连词搭配等多种用法。
2.阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的词,或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
Nowadays, with the development of Internet technology, two-dimensional code (二维码) is very popular among us. It's also ________ (call) quick response code (QR code). It's a group of black square dots on a white background. This special code was invented ________ a Japanese company in 1994. It's ________ (wide) used all over the world.
QR code is used ________ (store) information. It can also store pictures. It is easy to use a QR code. If you want to get the information, just take out your cellphone and scan (扫描) the code by a special app, and then you can get ________ easily.
Today, QR codcs are popular in China. There are QR codes on televisions and the Internet. The codes have been used and printed on Chinese train tickets ________ 2010. When a machine scans the code on the ticket, information of the ticket owner and the train ________ (appear) on the screen in a few seconds.
QR codes have many special uses. For example, in 2008, ________ Japanese company planned to put QR codes on gravestones (墓碑). By scanning the code, visitors could get information about the departed (去世的) person. Recently, special cards ________ QR codes were introduced to old people in some cities in China. If they get ________ (lose), people can know about their names, addresses and telephone numbers of their family members by scanning the codes.
【答案】 called;by;widely;to store;it;since;will appear;a;with;lost
【解析】本文讲述了二维码的应用。
(1)句意:它也叫做快速响应码。根据call与主语是被动关系,已有助动词is,故此处是过去分词,故填called。
(2)句意:这种特殊代码是1994年一家日本公司发明的。根据 was invented是被动语态可知用介词by,被,故填by。
(3)句意:全世界都广泛地使用它。副词修饰动词used,widely是副词 , 故填 widely。
(4)句意: 二维码码用于储存信息。be used to do,被用来做某事,故此处是不定式,故填 to store。
(5)句意:那么你可以很容易地得到信息 。information是不可数名词,故此处用it指代,做宾语,故填it。
(6)句意: 自从2010年以来,这些代码已经被使用并印在中国火车票上。根据 The codes have been used 可知时态是现在完成时,since+时间点2010,是现在完成时的标志,故填since。
(7)句意:当机器扫描火车票上的代码时,几秒钟后火车票所有者和火车的信息就会出现在屏幕上。when引导的时间状语从句,时态是主将从现,故此处的主句是将来时will+动词原形 , 故填 will appear。
(8)句意:例如,2008年,一家日本公司计划在墓碑上贴二维码。Japanese是名词单数,用辅音音素开头,故用不定冠词a,表示泛指 , 故填a。
(9)句意:近年来,我国部分城市向老年人推出了二维码专用卡。此处缺少介词,做后置定语,根据 special cards 和 QR codes可知是一种携带关系,with,有……,故填with。
(10)句意:如果他们迷路了,人们可以通过扫描密码知道他们的家庭成员的姓名、地址和电话号码。get lost,迷路,固定搭配,故填lost。
【点评】考查语法填空,注意适当调整词性,时态和介词等用法。
