中考时文阅读练习(266)---金鱼也学会了“开车”

四季读书网 2024-05-31 06:48:18 4 0

主题语境：科学与技术
语篇类型：说明文
词数：312
难度：★★★★☆
建议用时：9分钟
正确率： /5

Navigation(导航) is an important ability for animals to find food and living places.Researchers in Israel have performed an experiment and found that goldfish are able to navigate a small robotic vehicle on land after receiving around 10 driving lessons.
The experiment was led by a research team at the Ben-Gurion University. It was performed to see whether goldfish could find their way in a very different environment. To test the goldfish, researchers developed a robotic car that could drive forward. backward. and from side to side. They called the car a FOV—Fish Operated Vehicle(鱼驱动车辆).A goldfish was placed inside a water box on the FOV. Using a set of wheels with a camera system.the FOV recorded the fish's movements and swimming directions,then moved in the same direction.
The scientists worked with six different goldfish. They placed the car in a small room with a pink target(目标) on one side. The fish would get food when the car touched the target. After a few days of training,the fish navigated to the target. At first,it took them about half an hour to drive to the target.But by the end of the experiment, they were able to complete the same task in less than a minute.Shachar Givon.one of the researchers,said,"As anyone who has tried to learn how to ride a bike or to drive a car knows, it is challenging at first.'
Not only did the goldfish show that they could drive to the target,they weren't fooled by false targets of other colors. They were also able to get free when the car hit a wall.
Although the fish may not have realized they were moving on land, these results show that a fish has the ability to navigate outside its natural environment of water. It can enrich scientific knowledge of animals' navigation skills.
1.Why did the researchers perform the experiment? To see if goldfish could.
A. find food and living places
B.navigate in a different environment
C. live in the land's ecosystem
D.ride a bike or drive a car like humans
2.What do we know about the FOV?
A.It was placed inside a water box.
B.It could control the fish's directions.
C.It was driven by a camera system.
D.It could follow the fish's movements.
3.The fish would get food as long as the car.
A.avoided hitting a wall
B. moved in the small room freely
C. touched the pink target
D. touched the target of other colors
4.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A. Scientists put a robotic car to good use
B. Scientists offer goldfish food and lessons
C. Scientists teach goldfish to drive a car on land
D. Scientists buy an animal navigation system
5. In which section(栏目)of a website may this passage appear?
A. Art and Culture.
B. Wild Animals.
C. Agriculture and Food.
D. Animal Science.
译文
导航是动物寻找食物和栖息地的一种重要的能力。以色列的研究人员进行了一项实验，他们发现金鱼在接受了大约10节驾驶课后就能够在陆地上“驾驶”小型机器人车。
该实验由Ben Gurion大学的一个研究小组领导进行。进行这项实验是为了观察金鱼能否在不同环境中找到方向。为了测试金鱼，研究人员开发了一辆机器人车，可以向前、向后或左右行驶。他们把这辆车称为FOV——鱼驱动车辆。一条金鱼被放置在FOV上的一个水箱内。FOV使用一组带有摄像系统的轮子，记录鱼的活动和游泳的方向，然后朝该方向移动。
科学家们对六条不同的金鱼进行了研究。他们把鱼驱动车辆放在一个小房间里，小房间的一边有一个粉色的目标。当车碰到粉色的目标时，鱼就会得到食物。经过几天的训练后，鱼儿们就能导航到目标处。起初，它们花了大约半个小时才“开”到目标处。但在实验结束时，它们能够在不到一分钟内完成同样的任务。其中一名研究人员Shachar Givon说：“就像人学骑自行车或开车一样，一开始是极具挑战性的。”
这些金鱼不仅证明它们能把车“开”到目标处，而且还证明它们没有被其他颜色的虚假目标所迷惑。当鱼驱动车辆撞到墙上时，它们也能逃脱。
虽然这些鱼可能没有意识到它们是在陆地上移动，但这些实验结果表明，金鱼具有在其自然环境水域之外导航的认知能力。这可以丰富关于动物导航技能的科学知识。
语篇解读
以色列的科研团队研发了一种由金鱼来驱动驾驶的车辆,借此训练金鱼在陆地上的导航能力。他们的实验表明：金鱼具有在其自然环境水域之外导航的认知能力。
答案详析
1.B 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“It was performed to see whether goldfish could find their way in a very different environment.”可知，研究人员进行这一实验是为了看金鱼能否在不同的环境中找到路，故B项正确。
2.D细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句中的“the FOV recorded the fish's movements and swimming directions, then moved in the same direction”可知，FOV 记录鱼的活动和游泳的方向，然后朝该方向移动。故选D项。
3.C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“They placed the car in a...The fish would get food when the car touched the target.”可知，当车碰到粉色的目标时，鱼就会得到食物。
4.C 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，以色列的科研团队研发了一种由金鱼来驱动驾驶的车辆，借此训练金鱼在陆地上的导航能力，故C项“科学家教金鱼在陆地上驾驶车辆”最适合作本文的标题。
5.D 推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了科学家训练金鱼在陆地上的导航能力的实验，结合选项可推断，这篇文章最可能出现在网站的动物科学版块。
长难句分析
原句：（第一段最后一句）Researchers in Israel have performed an experiment and found that goldfish are able to navigate a small robotic vehicle on land after receiving around 10 driving lessons.
译文：以色列的研究人员进行了一项实验，他们发现金鱼在上了大约10次驾驶课后能够在陆地上驾驶小型机器人车。
分析：这是一个复合句。that引导宾语从句，作found的宾语；在该宾语从句中，after receiving around 10driving lessons是时间状语。

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