应用文Passage 1 · 市科技馆「冬日星空与海洋」亲子科普开放日通告

Riverside Science Museum — Winter 'Starry Sky & Ocean' Family Science Open Day (Notice) · 基于市科技馆公开活动信息编写 · 城市科普 / 公共教育 · 人与社会

📌 导读：（模拟应用文，基于公开信息编写）今年 12 月，河滨市科技馆推出「冬日星空与海洋」亲子科普开放日：含活动时间、预约方式、展区亮点、亲子工坊与规则等。信息密集、时间地点条件明确，是典型应用文体，适合训练细节定位。

🔤 生词表：museum 博物馆　planetarium 天文馆、天象仪　astronomy 天文学　marine 海洋的　workshop 工作坊、研习班　submarine 潜艇　curiosity 好奇心　guaranteed 有保证的、确定的

📖 阅读短文（约 136 词）

RIVERSIDE SCIENCE MUSEUM — Winter 'Starry Sky & Ocean' Family Science Open Day This December, Riverside Science Museum invites families to its Winter 'Starry Sky & Ocean' Family Science Open Day, running every weekend from 6 December to 21 December. The event mixes astronomy and marine life to spark children's curiosity. 1. Booking: Reserve free at the museum website or the front desk before 30 November; each family gets one timed ticket. Walk-ins are not guaranteed. 2. Highlights: An inflatable planetarium shows the winter night sky at 2:00 p.m., and a touch pool lets visitors meet starfish and crabs. 3. Workshop: Children aged 6–12 can build a model submarine on Sundays at 10:30 a.m.; seats are limited to 20 children. 4. Rules: Quiet voices, no flash photography, and children must stay with an adult. Hotline: 555-3078.

📝 题目

细节理解 1. When does the Family Science Open Day run?

A. Every weekend from 6 December to 21 December, the whole event period　B. On 30 November, the last day to book timed tickets for it　C. Each Sunday at 10:30 a.m., the time of the submarine workshop　D. Only at 2:00 p.m., when the planetarium show begins

细节理解 2. What must a family do to join the open day?

A. Pay a fee before getting a timed ticket at the front desk　B. Build a model submarine in order to enter the touch pool　C. Reserve free before 30 November and get one timed ticket　D. Stay with an adult only after the planetarium show ends

推理判断 3. What can we infer about the Family Science Open Day?

A. It is designed only for adults who study astronomy at the museum　B. Families may be turned away if they arrive without booking　C. The touch pool is open only to children aged 6–12 who join the workshop　D. Flash photography is allowed everywhere inside the museum

记叙文Passage 2 · 普吉岛少年 Jojo：卖麻辣串的他为昏迷游客做 CPR，救回一条命

Jojo, a Phuket student, saved a tourist's life with CPR between selling skewers · 基于 Khaosod English 2026-05-08 关于普吉岛 Kathu Wittaya 学校学生 Jojo Savel 在 Kathu 街头对昏迷外国游客实施 CPR 施救的公开报道编写 · 泰国普吉 / 成长励志 · 人与自我

📌 导读：（人物故事，基于公开信息编写）泰国普吉岛少年 Jojo Savel 课余在街边卖烤麻辣猪肉串帮补学业。2026 年 5 月 8 日，一名外国游客在 Kathu 区一家茶馆前突然倒地昏迷、头部受伤流血，围观者慌乱无措。Jojo 毫不犹豫上前持续做胸外按压，直到救护车和急救人员赶到；游客随后恢复意识。故事在网上引发广泛赞誉，被视为普吉青少年善良与公共精神的暖心范例。

🔤 生词表：Phuket 普吉岛（泰国）　skewers 串、肉串　fainted 昏倒、晕厥　ambulance 救护车　consciousness 意识、知觉　bystanders 旁观者　compassion 同情、怜悯、关爱　hesitation 犹豫

📖 阅读短文（约 139 词）

Jojo Savel, a teenage student at Kathu Wittaya School in Phuket, often sells grilled mala pork skewers after class to help pay for his education. On 8 May 2026, a foreign tourist suddenly fainted and fell in front of a tea shop in Kathu, hitting his head and bleeding. As bystanders panicked, the schoolboy rushed over and began CPR while waiting for an ambulance. After several minutes of chest compressions, the tourist started to show signs of life and soon regained consciousness, to the relief of people nearby. Locals said the teenager sells skewers every afternoon and is known for his helpful nature. The story spread online, and many praised Jojo for his quick thinking and compassion. 'He acted without hesitation,' one resident wrote. Rescuers noted the tourist might not have survived those critical minutes without the boy's help.

📝 题目

细节理解 1. What did Jojo do when the tourist collapsed?

A. He called an ambulance and stood waiting without moving　B. He rushed over and performed CPR until help arrived　C. He told bystanders to do CPR while he filmed the scene　D. He sold all his skewers before going to help the man

推理判断 2. What can we infer about Jojo from the story?

A. He was a professional doctor trained in a Phuket hospital　B. He sells skewers only on weekends just for his own fun　C. He hesitated because the tourist was a foreign visitor　D. He is a kind, responsible teenager who helps others in need

主旨大意 3. What is the main idea of the passage?

A. A teenage boy's brave act shows kindness and public spirit　B. Grilled pork skewers are the most popular street food in Phuket　C. Foreign tourists should learn CPR before visiting Phuket　D. Bystanders in Phuket are usually unhelpful in emergencies

词义猜测 4. What does the word "compassion" (in "his quick thinking and compassion") most probably mean?

A. A fear of speaking in front of a crowd　B. A plan to become famous on the Internet　C. A feeling of sympathy and care for others　D. A skill of doing chest compressions correctly

说明文Passage 3 · 韦布望远镜发现宇宙黎明时期的「黑洞星」MoM-BH*-1

Webb telescope finds a 'black hole star' from the cosmic dawn · 基于科技日报/光明网 2026-08-13 援引《自然》(Nature) 关于 MIT 与奥地利科学技术研究院团队用 JWST 发现早期宇宙「黑洞星」MoM-BH*-1 的报道编写 · 深空天文学 / 宇宙早期 · 人与自然

📌 导读：（说明文，基于公开报道编写）一个国际团队借助詹姆斯·韦布空间望远镜，在宇宙诞生后约 6.6 亿年的「宇宙黎明」发现了一颗奇特的「黑洞星」MoM-BH*-1。它尺度仅如太阳系，能量却达普通恒星上限的千亿倍，中心藏着一个约 10 万倍太阳质量的黑洞，外裹致密氢气。这一发现有助于解释韦布频繁拍到的神秘「小红点」。

🔤 生词表：cosmic 宇宙的　Big Bang 宇宙大爆炸　fusion 核聚变　shroud 裹尸布、遮蔽物、罩　wavelengths 波长　compact 紧凑的、密实的　vanished 消失、绝迹　telescope 望远镜

📖 阅读短文（约 142 词）

Using the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), an international team has discovered a strange object from the cosmic dawn — about 660 million years after the Big Bang. They named it MoM-BH*-1. The object looks like an unusually bright, red point of light. Although it is only about the size of our solar system, its energy output is roughly 100 billion times that of a normal star — far beyond what fusion alone can produce. Scientists think MoM-BH*-1 hides a black hole at its centre, with a mass near 100,000 times that of the Sun. Dense hydrogen gas wraps around it like a giant shroud, absorbing certain wavelengths of light. The finding may explain the mysterious 'little red dots' that JWST keeps spotting in the early universe. These compact, red objects appear everywhere back then but have since vanished from today's cosmos.

📝 题目

细节理解 1. When in cosmic history was MoM-BH*-1 found?

A. About 660 million years after the Big Bang　B. Roughly 100 billion years before our Sun was formed　C. Around 100,000 years after the Big Bang　D. In today's nearby cosmos, where such red dots still shine

词义猜测 2. What does "shroud" (in "like a giant shroud") most likely mean?

A. A type of bright star light from the centre　B. A tool used by scientists to take photos　C. A covering that wraps something around　D. A small point of red colour in the sky

主旨大意 3. What is the passage mainly about?

A. How the Sun's fusion makes ordinary star light　B. Why the little red dots have vanished from the cosmos　C. The complete history of the James Webb Space Telescope　D. A newly found 'black hole star' that may explain the little red dots

推理判断 4. What can we learn about the 'little red dots'?

A. They are larger than whole galaxies in today's sky　B. They were common early but no longer exist now　C. They were first seen by the Hubble telescope, not JWST　D. They produce no energy at all in the early universe

说明文Passage 4 · 中国科学家发现完全适应海洋生活的两栖动物「海异螈」

Chinese scientists find the first fully marine amphibian, Haiyiyuan · 基于《光明日报》2026-10-30 关于北京大学江大勇团队在贵州关岭三叠纪地层发现两栖类新物种「海异螈」的报道编写 · 古生物学 / 贵州关岭 · 人与自然

📌 导读：（说明文，基于公开报道编写）北京大学江大勇领衔的国际团队在贵州关岭三叠纪晚期地层中，发现两栖类新物种「海异螈」。它生活在约 2.37 亿年前的海洋中，是迄今唯一能完全适应海洋生活的两栖动物。现生两栖动物因皮肤透水、依赖淡水，始终无法进入海洋；海异螈却用厚重骨甲隔水、保留鳃在水中呼吸，绕开了这道门槛。同层还埋藏着体长超 7 米的贵州鱼龙。

🔤 生词表：amphibian 两栖动物　Triassic 三叠纪的　permeable 可渗透的、透水的　armor 甲、盔甲　gills 鳃　prey 猎物　ichthyosaurs 鱼龙（已灭绝海洋爬行动物）　fossils 化石

📖 阅读短文（约 147 词）

A team led by Peking University professor Jiang Dayong has found a new amphibian species in Late Triassic rocks in Guanling, Guizhou. Named Haiyiyuan, it lived in the ocean about 237 million years ago and is the only known amphibian fully adapted to marine life. Living amphibians have thin, water-permeable skin and depend on fresh water, so they can never enter the sea. Haiyiyuan got around this limit: a heavy bony armor kept seawater out, while its gills allowed it to breathe and take in water from the ocean. Flat-bodied with a wide head and strong gill arches, it sucked prey into its mouth along with water — a sit-and-wait hunter on the seabed. Fossils show it reached a modest size, far smaller than the 7-metre ichthyosaurs buried in the same layer. The discovery reveals an unusual path of evolution that let an amphibian conquer the ocean.

📝 题目

细节理解 1. What makes Haiyiyuan different from living amphibians?

A. It lived only in fresh water just like modern frogs　B. It was a fish that stayed in fresh water like other amphibians　C. It was larger than the 7-metre ichthyosaur in its layer　D. It used bony armor and gills to live in the sea

词义猜测 2. What does "permeable" (in "water-permeable skin") mean?

A. That can block all light from passing through　B. That lets liquid pass through it　C. That is very hard and unusually heavy　D. That grows thicker as the animal gets older

主旨大意 3. What is the passage mainly about?

A. How ichthyosaurs hunted in the Triassic sea　B. Why most amphibians live in the ocean today　C. A new fossil amphibian that adapted to full marine life　D. The exact size of fish found in Guizhou rocks

推理判断 4. What can we infer about Haiyiyuan's way of life?

A. It likely waited and sucked in prey from the seabed　B. It had to breathe air on land after leaving the sea　C. It was the largest animal buried in its rock layer　D. Its fossils were found far from any ancient ocean

说明文Passage 5 · 研究：屏幕时间、体重与心理影响青少年睡眠质量

Study: screen time, weight and mood shape teens' sleep quality · 基于 PLoS One（2026-06-10）由山西大学李建英等发表、华南新闻网报道的关于 5,713 名中国青少年睡眠质量的研究编写 · 公共卫生 / 青少年健康 · 人与自我

📌 导读：（说明文，基于公开研究编写）山西大学团队在开放获取期刊 PLoS One 发表研究，调查中国六座城市 5,713 名 13–18 岁青少年的睡眠质量。结果显示，屏幕时间、体重指数(BMI)与心理健康是关联最密切的因素；女孩与农村青少年的睡眠质量整体更差。总体约 33.71% 的受访者睡眠质量不佳。研究提示，改善睡眠需要兼顾身心与生活方式。

🔤 生词表：adolescents 青少年　surveyed 调查、问卷　index 指数、指标　BMI 身体质量指数（体重指数）　mental 心理的、精神的　rural 农村的　routines 日常惯例、作息　scrolling （手机）刷屏、滚动浏览

📖 阅读短文（约 125 词）

A study in the open-access journal PLoS One, led by Li Jianying at Shanxi University, surveyed 5,713 Chinese adolescents aged 13–18 across six cities: Shanghai, Suzhou, Taiyuan, Wuyuan, Xingyi and Urumqi. Using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the team found that screen time, body mass index (BMI) and mental health were the strongest links to sleep quality. Overall, 33.71% of the teens reported poor sleep. Girls and ruraladolescents slept worse than boys and city peers. The researchers said heavy phone use, long sitting time and stress all cut into rest. They urged schools and families to treat sleep as a public-health issue, not just a personal habit. Better daily routines, less late-night scrolling and more exercise, they argued, could lift sleep for many teenagers.

📝 题目

细节理解 1. How many teenagers were studied, and what share slept poorly?

A. 5,713 teens, with about 13% reporting poor sleep　B. 5,713 teens, with about 33.71% reporting poor sleep　C. 13 to 18 teens across six cities, all with poor sleep　D. Adults in six cities, about 33% with poor sleep

词义猜测 2. What does "routines" (in "Better daily routines") most likely mean?

A. Fixed regular habits or daily schedules　B. Expensive electronic devices for study　C. Unusual medical treatments in hospitals　D. Public health policies made by the government

主旨大意 3. What is the passage mainly about?

A. Why boys sleep better than girls in big cities　B. How BMI alone decides every teenager's sleep　C. The full history of the Pittsburgh Sleep Index　D. A study of what links screen time, weight and mood to teen sleep

推理判断 4. What might the researchers suggest to improve teen sleep?

A. Replace exercise with more phone use late at night　B. Treat sleep only as a personal choice, not a public issue　C. Build better routines and cut late-night scrolling　D. Test all teens every year with the Pittsburgh Sleep Index

议论文Passage 6 · 联合国报告：1.5℃目标已难守住，但「超限」不等于放弃

UN report: the 1.5°C goal is slipping, but overshoot is not surrender · 基于联合国环境规划署(UNEP)《2026 年排放差距报告：回归点》(The Point of Return，2026-10-21 发布) 及联合国新闻、UNEP 官网公开报道编写 · 全球气候治理 / 联合国 · 人与社会

📌 导读：（议论文，基于公开报告编写）联合国环境规划署 2026 年 10 月 21 日发布《排放差距报告：回归点》。报告首次明确，将升温控制在 1.5℃ 以内且几乎不超标的窗口已经关闭，全球升温很可能数年内突破 1.5℃。但它同时提出「超限—达峰—回落」路径：立即持续减排（2030 年减 18%、2035 年减 45%、2040 年减 69%）+ 负排放与碳移除，仍可在本世纪末回到 1.5℃ 以下。古特雷斯强调「超限不是投降」。报告也引发「应先减排还是先依赖碳移除」的讨论。

🔤 生词表：emissions 排放（物）　overshoot 超标、逾越（此处指升温超限）　pathway 路径、路线　irreversible 不可逆的　fraction 一小部分、零点几度　polluters 污染者、排放企业　fairness 公平、公正　century 世纪

📖 阅读短文（约 157 词）

The UN Environment Programme (UNEP) released its 2026 Emissions Gap Report, 'The Point of Return', on 21 October. For the first time it states clearly that the chance to hold warming below 1.5°C with little or no overshoot is gone; temperatures will likely cross 1.5°C within a few years. Yet the report refuses to give up. It proposes an 'overshoot, peak and decline' pathway: cut emissions immediately and keep cutting — by 18% by 2030, 45% by 2035 and 69% by 2040 — then use carbon removal to bring temperatures back below 1.5°C by century's end. UN chief António Guterres warned that every extra fraction of a degree above 1.5°C raises the risk of irreversible tipping points, but insisted, 'Overshoot is not surrender.' Some experts caution that carbon removal must support, not replace, deep emission cuts; others fear it could let polluters delay action. The debate shows climate policy is as much about fairness as about physics.

📝 题目

推理判断 1. What can we infer about the report's view on the 1.5°C goal?

A. It believes the goal was already achieved many years ago　B. It says holding warming below 1.5°C no longer matters to the world　C. It sees breach as likely but still worth fighting to reverse　D. It advises countries to stop cutting emissions right now

观点态度 2. What is António Guterres's attitude toward the overshoot?

A. He thinks it is a total failure that we should be ashamed of　B. He believes it proves climate action is completely useless　C. He is indifferent and simply wants to give up the fight　D. He sees it as serious but insists we must keep fighting

主旨大意 3. What is the passage mainly about?

A. How carbon removal has already replaced emission cuts　B. A UN report urging action to limit and reverse warming overshoot　C. Why global temperatures will never cross 1.5°C again　D. The yearly history of UN climate conferences since 1992

细节理解 4. According to the report, what is the 'overshoot, peak and decline' pathway?

A. Cut emissions by 18% by 2030, 45% by 2035 and 69% by 2040, then use carbon removal　B. Stop all carbon removal until 2050, then start cutting emissions　C. Raise the warming limit to 2°C on purpose right away　D. Let polluters delay action so that the economy can save money

📑 参考答案与解析

Passage 1 · 市科技馆「冬日星空与海洋」亲子科普开放日通告

1. 答案：A　细节理解题。由「running every weekend from 6 December to 21 December」可知开放日贯穿 12 月每个周末，故选 A。B 把预约截止日 11 月 30 日说成活动日（缩小范围）；C 把潜艇工坊的周日时间说成开放日（偷换概念）；D 把天文馆放映时间说成开放日（偷换概念）。

定位：running every weekend from 6 December to 21 December

2. 答案：C　细节理解题。由「Reserve free at the museum website or the front desk before 30 November; each family gets one timed ticket」可知须于 11 月 30 日前免费预约并领取一张定时票，故选 C。A 把「免费」张冠李戴成「付费」（偷换概念）；B 把潜艇工坊与触摸池混为一谈（偷换概念）；D 把「全程须有成人陪同」改说成「仅放映后才陪同」（条件偷换）。

定位：Reserve free at the museum website or the front desk before 30 November; each family gets one timed ticket.

3. 答案：B　推理判断题。由「Walk-ins are not guaranteed」可推知未预约者可能被拒入，故选 B。A 把面向家庭的公共活动说成「仅成人天文学者」（偷换概念）；C 把潜艇工坊的年龄限制张冠李戴到触摸池（偷换概念）；D 把「禁止闪光灯摄影」反说成「随处允许」（偷换概念）。

定位：Walk-ins are not guaranteed.

Passage 2 · 普吉岛少年 Jojo：卖麻辣串的他为昏迷游客做 CPR，救回一条命

1. 答案：B　细节理解题。由「the schoolboy rushed over and began CPR while waiting for an ambulance」可知 Jojo 冲上前并持续做 CPR 直到救护车赶到，故选 B。A 把「边等救护车边施救」说成「只打电话干等」（偷换概念）；C 把施救者张冠李戴成旁观者（张冠李戴）；D 把卖串与救人顺序倒置（偷换概念）。

定位：the schoolboy rushed over and began CPR while waiting for an ambulance

2. 答案：D　推理判断题。由「known for his helpful nature」「quick thinking and compassion」「acted without hesitation」可推知 Jojo 是个善良、负责、乐于助人的少年，故选 D。A 把学生说成「普吉医院专业医生」（偷换概念）；B 前半句「每天下午卖串」被改作「仅周末、纯为玩乐」（部分真实关键篡改）；C 把「毫不犹豫」反说成「因游客是外国人而犹豫」（偷换概念）。

定位：known for his helpful nature

3. 答案：A　主旨大意题。全文围绕少年在街头救人、展现善良与公共精神展开，故选 A。B 只谈烤肉串、偏离主旨（答非所问）；C 把「游客应学 CPR」当成文章主旨（偷换概念）；D 把个别人说成「普吉旁观者都不帮忙」（偷换概念）。

定位：many praised Jojo for his quick thinking and compassion

4. 答案：C　词义猜测题。compassion 意为「同情、怜悯、关爱」，与文中少年救人、被赞「kindness」相呼应，故选 C（对他人同情与关怀）。A 把「胆怯」当释义（答非所问）；B 把「想红」当释义（答非所问）；D 把「CPR 技能」当释义（答非所问）。

定位：many praised Jojo for his quick thinking and compassion

Passage 3 · 韦布望远镜发现宇宙黎明时期的「黑洞星」MoM-BH*-1

1. 答案：A　细节理解题。由「about 660 million years after the Big Bang」可知该天体存在于大爆炸后约 6.6 亿年，故选 A。B 把「能量达千亿倍」错当时间（偷换概念）；C 把黑洞质量「十万倍太阳」错当时间（偷换概念）；D 把「今日宇宙已消失」反说成「今日仍在闪耀」（因果倒置）。

定位：about 660 million years after the Big Bang

2. 答案：C　词义猜测题。shroud 本义为「裹尸布、遮蔽物」，文中指致密氢气像巨大罩子般包裹黑洞，故选 C（包裹、覆盖某物的东西）。A 把「强光」当释义（答非所问）；B 把「摄影工具」当释义（答非所问）；D 把「红点」当释义（答非所问）。

定位：Dense hydrogen gas wraps around it like a giant shroud

3. 答案：D　主旨大意题。文章介绍新发现的「黑洞星」MoM-BH*-1 及其对「小红点」之谜的解释意义，故选 D。A 只谈太阳核聚变、偏离主旨（偷换概念）；B 只取「消失」片段、非全文重心（部分真实关键篡改）；C 把文章说成「望远镜发展史」（答非所问）。

定位：The finding may explain the mysterious 'little red dots'

4. 答案：B　推理判断题。由「appear everywhere back then but have since vanished from today's cosmos」可推知小红点早期遍在、如今已消失，故选 B。A 把尺度夸成「大于整个星系」（偷换概念）；C 把发现者张冠李戴成哈勃（张冠李戴）；D 把「能量远超恒星」反说成「毫无能量」（因果倒置）。

定位：appear everywhere back then but have since vanished from today's cosmos

Passage 4 · 中国科学家发现完全适应海洋生活的两栖动物「海异螈」

1. 答案：D　细节理解题。由「a heavy bony armor kept seawater out, while its gills allowed it to breathe and take in water from the ocean」可知海异螈靠骨甲隔水、用鳃在海中呼吸，故选 D。A 把「依赖淡水」反说成海异螈也仅居淡水（因果倒置）；B 把海异螈说成「能上岸行走的鱼」（偷换概念）；C 把「远小于鱼龙」反说成「大于鱼龙」（部分真实关键篡改）。

定位：a heavy bony armor kept seawater out, while its gills allowed it to breathe and take in water from the ocean

2. 答案：B　词义猜测题。permeable 意为「可渗透的、透水的」，对应现生两栖动物皮肤薄而透水、故离不开淡水，故选 B（允许液体透过）。A 把「阻挡光」当释义（答非所问）；C 把「坚硬沉重」当释义（答非所问）；D 把「随年龄变厚」当释义（答非所问）。

定位：Living amphibians have thin, water-permeable skin

3. 答案：C　主旨大意题。文章介绍新化石两栖动物海异螈如何完全适应海洋生活，故选 C。A 只谈鱼龙、偏离主旨（答非所问）；B 把「现生两栖离不开淡水」反说成「多数现生两栖居海洋」（因果倒置）；D 只谈鱼的大小（答非所问）。

定位：the only known amphibian fully adapted to marine life

4. 答案：A　推理判断题。由「a sit-and-wait hunter on the seabed ... sucked prey into its mouth along with water」可推知它在海底伏击、连水带猎物吸入，故选 A。B 把「保留鳃、居海洋」反说成「像青蛙在岸上呼吸空气」（偷换概念）；C 把「远小于鱼龙」反说成「层中最大」（部分真实关键篡改）；D 把「关岭海洋地层」说成「远离海洋」（偷换概念）。

定位：a sit-and-wait hunter on the seabed

Passage 5 · 研究：屏幕时间、体重与心理影响青少年睡眠质量

1. 答案：B　细节理解题。由「surveyed 5,713 Chinese adolescents ... Overall, 33.71% of the teens reported poor sleep」可知研究对象为 5,713 名青少年、约 33.71% 睡眠不佳，故选 B。A 把 33.71% 错写成 13%（偷换概念）；C 把年龄范围「13–18 岁」误当作人数（偷换概念）；D 把「青少年」张冠李戴成「成人」（张冠李戴）。

定位：surveyed 5,713 Chinese adolescents aged 13–18

2. 答案：A　词义猜测题。routine 意为「日常惯例、作息」，与「better daily routines, less late-night scrolling」呼吁规律生活的语境一致，故选 A（固定的日常习惯或作息）。B 把「电子设备」当释义（答非所问）；C 把「医疗手段」当释义（答非所问）；D 把「政府政策」当释义（答非所问）。

定位：Better daily routines, less late-night scrolling and more exercise

3. 答案：D　主旨大意题。文章报道一项关于屏幕时间、体重与心理如何关联青少年睡眠的研究，故选 D。A 只取「女孩更差」片段并反说成「男孩更好」（部分真实关键篡改）；B 把「多因素之一 BMI」夸成「唯一决定因素」（扩大范围）；C 把文章说成「睡眠指数发展史」（答非所问）。

定位：screen time, body mass index (BMI) and mental health were the strongest links to sleep quality

4. 答案：C　推理判断题。由「Better daily routines, less late-night scrolling and more exercise ... could lift sleep」可推知研究者会建议规律作息、减少深夜刷屏，故选 C。A 把「多运动、少刷屏」反说成「删运动、多刷屏」（因果倒置）；B 把「视作公共健康问题而非个人习惯」反说成「仅是个人选择」（偷换概念）；D 把「用指数评估」夸成「每年强制所有人测试」（偷换概念）。

定位：Better daily routines, less late-night scrolling and more exercise

Passage 6 · 联合国报告：1.5℃目标已难守住，但「超限」不等于放弃

1. 答案：C　推理判断题。报告称「窗口已关闭、升温将突破 1.5℃」，却又「refuses to give up」并提出回落路径，可推知其认为超标很可能、但仍值得奋力扭转，故选 C。A 把「将突破」反说成「多年前已达成」（因果倒置）；B 把「仍要回落」反说成「目标彻底无关」（程度失当）；D 把「持续减排」反说成「停止减排」（因果倒置）。

定位：the chance to hold warming below 1.5°C ... is gone ... Yet the report refuses to give up

2. 答案：D　观点态度题。古特雷斯警告每超 0.1℃ 都抬高不可逆风险，却强调「Overshoot is not surrender（超限不是投降）」，可见他认为超限严峻但仍须坚持抗争，故选 D。A 把其态度说成「应羞愧的彻底失败」（偷换概念）；B 把其说成「气候行动无用」（因果倒置）；C 把「拒绝放弃」反说成「漠然放弃」（偷换概念）。

定位：Overshoot is not surrender

3. 答案：B　主旨大意题。文章介绍 UNEP 报告承认 1.5℃ 将超标、但呼吁以「超限—达峰—回落」路径尽力限制并扭转，故选 B。A 把「碳移除须支撑而非取代减排」反说成「已取代」（部分真实关键篡改）；C 把「将突破」反说成「永不再突破」（因果倒置）；D 把文章说成「气候大会编年史」（答非所问）。

定位：Yet the report refuses to give up. It proposes an 'overshoot, peak and decline' pathway

4. 答案：A　细节理解题。由「by 18% by 2030, 45% by 2035 and 69% by 2040 — then use carbon removal」可知该路径为先持续减排、再用碳移除回落，故选 A。B 把顺序倒置（偷换概念）；C 把「守住 1.5℃」反说成「主动抬到 2℃」（偷换概念）；D 把专家所「担忧」的「污染者拖延」说成报告建议（张冠李戴）。

定位：by 18% by 2030, 45% by 2035 and 69% by 2040 — then use carbon removal